Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch.

Japanese creeper (en), Lierre japonais (fr), Vigne-vierge tricuspidée (fr), Vigne-vierge à trois pointes (fr), Vigne-vierge à trois becs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Vitales > Vitaceae > Parthenocissus

Characteristics

Branchlets terete, nearly glabrous or sparsely pilose; tendrils 5-9-branched, young apex expanded and ball-shaped. Leaves simple, usually 3-lobed on short branches, or small and unlobed on long branches; petiole 4-12 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; blade obovoid, 4.5-17 × 4-16 cm, abaxially glabrous or midvein abaxially sparsely pubescent, basal veins 5, lateral veins 3-5 pairs on each side, veinlets slightly raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base cordate, margin with rough teeth on each side, apex acute. Polychasium 2.5-12.5 cm; rachis inconspicuous; peduncles 1-3.5 cm, nearly glabrous. Pedicel 2-3 mm, glabrous. Buds obovoid-elliptic, 2-3 mm, apex rounded. Calyx entire or undulate. Petals elliptic, 1.8-2.7 mm, glabrous. Filaments 1.5-2.4 mm; anthers ovoid-elliptic, 0.7-1.4 mm. Disk inconspicuous. Ovary oval; style conspicuous, base thick; stigma not enlarged. Berry 1-1.5 cm in diam., 1-3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, base with a sharp, short rostrum, apex rounded. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 40.
More
Lianas, high climbing. Tendrils 5–10-branched, with adhesive discs. Leaves usually simple, sometimes palmately compound on older plants; petiole usually longer than, sometimes ± equaling, blade; blade lustrous adaxially, ovate to cordate-ovate or cordate-orbiculate, 4.5–17 × 4–16 cm, 3-lobed or leaflets 3, thin, herbaceous, base truncate to slightly cordate, margins crenate to crenate-serrate, apex acute to short-acuminate, surfaces glabrous or abaxial veins puberulent. Inflorescences ± divergently branching, without distinct central axis. Flowers yellowish green. Berries globose, 5–8 mm diam. 2n = 40.
A deciduous shrub. It is creeping and twines on rocks and fences. The tendrils have disks on them that attach to walls. Plants grow 20 m high. The leaves are of 2 types. The leaves on the stem are large and have 3 lobes. The edges have small teeth. The leaves are 5-15 cm wide. They are broadly oval with a heart shaped base. The leaf stalk is 15 cm long. The leaves on the non flowering stems are smaller and have 3 leaflets. The flowers are small and green-yellow. They are in groups 3-6 cm long. The fruit are like small grapes. They are round and dark purple. They are 4-5 mm across.
High-climbing and freely branched; tendrils with preformed adhesive disks; lvs mostly or all cordate and 3-lobed, but often a few of them trifoliolate. Native of China and Japan, locally escaped from cult. here and there in our range.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.5
Mature height (meter) 13.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a cool temperate plant. It grows in shrublands, cliffs and rocky hillsides in north China between 100-1,200 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zone 4.
More
Thickets and woods in hills and mountains. Climbing over rocks or shrubs on hillsides at elevations of 100-1200 metres in China.
Light 2-8
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The sap from the branches is boiled and used as a sweetener. The stems after the leaves fall is chewed like sugarcane. The shoots are put into pickled cucumbers.
Uses environmental use material medicinal poison
Edible saps
Therapeutic use Epistaxis (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Collyrium (unspecified)
Human toxicity skin-irritating (leaf), skin-irritating (fruit)
Animal toxicity weak toxic (leaf), weak toxic (fruit)

Cultivation

It can be grown by seed, cuttings or layering.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 60 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaf picture by ben vc (cc-by-sa)
Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaf picture by Joris Van Herpe (cc-by-sa)
Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaf picture by Lisa J (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Parthenocissus tricuspidata flower picture by ben vc (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Parthenocissus tricuspidata fruit picture by Síne McEllin (cc-by-sa)
Parthenocissus tricuspidata fruit picture by Brianna Brinkley (cc-by-sa)
Parthenocissus tricuspidata fruit picture by David Forrest (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Parthenocissus tricuspidata world distribution map, present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, China, Spain, France, Croatia, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Slovakia, Slovenia, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:68407-1
WFO ID wfo-0000474320
COL ID 6TSTD
BDTFX ID 48000
INPN ID 112467
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Negundo nikoense Ampelopsis tricuspidata Vitis inconstans Acer nikoense Crula nikoensis Negundo nikoense Parthenocissus thunbergii Vitis taquetii Psedera tricuspidata Psedera thunbergii Vitis tricuspidata Cissus thunbergii Cissus tricuspidata Cissus veitchii Parthenocissus veitchii Crula nikoense Quinaria tricuspidata Quinaria veitchii Parthenocissus tricuspidata