Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius

Hilograss (en), Herbe créole (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Paspalum

Characteristics

Strongly stoloniferous perennials with erect or sprawling shoots; stolons often with purple internodes. Leaf-sheath rather stiff, keeled, glabrous. Ligule 0.5-1.5 mm, slightly erose, truncate, narrowed centrally to a point. Collar hairs few, long. Leaf-blade 10-20 cm × 6-9 mm, linear-lanceolate, flat, soft, glabrous apart from long hairs near base, narrowed to acute or acuminate tip. Culm 20-45 cm, erect or ascending, slender, wiry, internodes compressed, glabrous. Panicle of 2-(3) widely divaricating slender racemes ± digitate at culm apex. Racemes 6-10 cm, rachis very narrowly-winged, 3-angled, sparsely scabrid, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, densely pubescent at base, bearing 2 rows of single shortly pedicelled spikelets; pedicels smooth. Spikelets c. 1.5 mm, imbricate, broad-elliptic to almost orbicular, acute, yellowish green. Lower glume 0, upper = spikelet, thin and closely appressed to upper floret, 2-or 3-nerved with median nerve often suppressed, glabrous apart from long fine hairs on lateral nerves. Lower floret: lemma = spikelet, similar in texture to upper glume; palea 0. Upper floret: lemma 1.2-1.4 mm, slightly indurated, 3-nerved; palea slightly narrower than lemma, membranous margins only slightly widened at base; anthers c. 0.5 mm, yellow; caryopsis not seen.
More
Perennial with long stolons. Culms in small tufts along the stolons, compressed, nearly solid, 30–60 cm tall. Leaf sheaths keeled, glabrous or pilose along upper margins and mouth, a line of hairs abaxially at junction with blade; leaf blades lanceolate-linear, thin, 5–20 × 0.5–1 cm, glabrous or papillose-pilose along margins, apex acute. Inflorescence digitate; racemes 2, divaricate, very slender, 6–12 cm; spikelets single, in 2 rows; rachis 0.5–1 mm wide. Spikelets pale yellowish, ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–1.8 mm, abruptly acute; upper glume hyaline, 2-veined with the veins marginal, ciliate along margins with long silky hairs; lower lemma similar but not ciliate; upper lemma pallid at maturity, ovate, as long as spikelet, crustaceous, obscurely striate. Fl. and fr. May–Sep. 2n = 40, 80.
Stoloniferous perennial; culms as much as 2 m. long, but usually less than 1 m., often decumbent at the base and rooting at the lower nodes, simple or sparingly branched; stolons long, leafy, with erect or ascending flowering branches, the nodes usually conspicuously pilose; culm sheaths loose, compressed, pubescent on the collar, the margins ciliate, those of the stolons short and broad; blades mostly 8-12 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, thin, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, the margins scabrous or short-ciliate; racemes 2, conjugate, widely spreading, 4-15 cm. long; spikelets 1.4-2.2 mm. long, ovate, minutely pointed, the margins of the glume papillose-ciliate with long fine hairs.
Perennial, growing in small tufts which arise from vigorous stolons; culms 30–60 cm. high.. Leaf-blades broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, 4–20 cm. long, 5–13 mm. wide.. Inflorescence composed of 2 conjugate racemes, each 5–17 cm. long, the spikelets borne singly in 2 rows on a narrow rhachis (± 0.5 mm. wide).. Spikelets orbicular, 1.5–1.7 mm. long, pale yellow; upper glume as long as the spikelet, ciliate on the margins; lower lemma similar, but glabrous; upper lemma finely striate, pallid at maturity.
A grass which keeps growing from year to year. It grows in tufts and has underground stems or rhizomes and runners or stolons. It grows 60 cm high. The flowers are green and purple.
Racemes paired, each 5–17 cm. long, the spikelets borne singly in 2 rows on a narrow rhachis.
Spikelets 1.5–1.7 mm. long, orbicular, pale yellow.
Stoloniferous perennial, often forming swards.
Superior glume ciliate on the margins.
Culms 30–60 cm. high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.6
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Open to moderately shaded places; it is found naturalized under plantation crops, along stream banks, roadsides and in disturbed areas; on a variety of soils, often growing gregariously; at elevations from near sea-level up to 1,700 metres.
More
A tropical plant. It grows in several tropical places. It grows in wet habitats. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
Light 2-3
Soil humidity 5-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder food material medicinal social use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Fatigue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Paspalum conjugatum habit picture by Steve FAAEVA (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Paspalum conjugatum world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Myanmar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Pitcairn, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Conservation status

Paspalum conjugatum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30011315-2
WFO ID wfo-0000887479
COL ID 4DW2Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446319
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Paspalum dolichopus Digitaria conjugata Panicum conjugatum Paspalum africanum Paspalum ciliatum Paspalum longissimum Paspalum sieberianum Paspalum bicrurum Paspalum conjugatum f. tristachya Paspalum tenue Paspalum renggeri Paspalum hirsutum Paspalum conjugatum Paspalum conjugatum var. parviflorum Paspalum conjugatum var. pubescens Paspalum conjugatum var. conjugatum