Paspalum scrobiculatum L.

Kodomillet (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Paspalum

Characteristics

Perennial or annual. Culms tufted, slender to robust, erect or decumbent and rooting at lower nodes, 30–90(–150) cm tall. Leaf sheaths compressed, keeled, usually glabrous; leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 0.4–1.2 cm, usually glabrous, base subrounded, margins scabrous, apex acuminate; ligule 0.5–1 mm. Inflorescence of 2–5(–8) racemes, subdigitate or on a short axis; racemes 3–10 cm, ascending to widely spreading; spikelets usually single, overlapping in 2 rows, sometimes paired especially in middle of raceme; rachis ribbonlike, 1.5–3 mm wide, margins scabrous. Spikelets green becoming brown, suborbicular, ovate or broadly elliptic, 2–3 mm, glabrous, obtuse to apiculate; upper glume membranous, 3–7-veined; lower lemma membranous or sometimes indurate, 3–5(–7)-veined; upper lemma brown at maturity, subequaling spikelet, coriaceous, finely striate, obtuse. Fl. and fr. May–Nov. 2n = 20, 40 or 60.
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Loosely tufted, erect or decumbent perennial, 100-700 mm high, occasionally a hydrophyte; shortly rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous; culm nodes glabrous. Leaf blade 150-200(-380) x 6-8(-10) mm; ligule an unfringed membrane. Inflorescence of 1-5 secund racemes, digitate or on elongated central axis; rachis flat, linear, almost leaflike; spikelets borne singly, arranged in 2 rows; upper lemma facing rachis. Spikelets 2.0-2.5 x 1.8-2.4 mm, ovate, dorsiventrally compressed, awnless, green becoming brown, glabrous; glumes unequal; lower glume absent; upper glume papery, 3-nerved. Florets 2; lower floret sterile, lemma equal, similar to upper glume but flat on back, median nerve present; upper floret bisexual, lemma hard, finely striate, obtuse, entire, faintly nerved, glabrous, margins narrow and inrolled, clasping only edges of palea, brown at maturity; anther 0.5-0.8 mm long. Flowering time Sept.-May.
Perennial; culms 10–150 cm. high, 1–6 mm. in diameter, 2–17-noded, the nodes commonly exposed, erect, or ascending from a decumbent base and rooting at the lower nodes.. Leaf-blades linear, 5–40 cm. long, 3–15 mm. wide, tapering to a filiform tip.. Inflorescence composed of 1–20 racemes, these digitate or borne on an axis up to 8 cm. long, the longest raceme 4–15 cm. long, with spikelets borne singly on a ribbon-like rhachis 1–2.5 mm. wide.. Spikelets broadly elliptic, obovate or suborbicu-lar, 1.4–3 mm. long, green becoming brown; lower glume absent; upper glume papery; lower lemma similar or rarely coriaceous, 3–5-nerved (in the latter case the nerves evenly spaced or the laterals close together); upper lemma finely striate, brown at maturity.. Fig. 142.
Loosely tufted, erect or decumbent perennial 100-700 mm high, occasionally a hydrophyte; rhizome short, sometimes stoloniferous; culm nodes glabrous. Leaf blade 150-200(-380) x 6-8(-10) mm, ligule 2-8 mm long, conspicuous. Inflorescence of 1-5 racemes, 30-80(-150) mm long; rachis flat and linear, almost leaf-like; spikelets arranged in two rows, secund. Spikelet 2.0-2.5 x 1.8-2.4 mm, ovate, green becoming brown, glabrous; lower glume absent; upper glume 3-nerved, papery; upper lemma finely striate, brown at maturity; anther 0.5-0.8 mm long.
A millet grass. It is an annual or perennial grass. It has short rhizomes. The stems are tufted. It grows up to 1 m high. The leaves are in two rows. The leaf blade is long and flat. It is 45 cm long by 2.5 cm across. The flower stalk has 2-5 alternate spikes. These do not have stalks. Several varieties are recognised. The kind cultivated for seeds is used as an annual and has larger seeds. The grain is in a hard husk which is difficult to remove.
Perennial, hydrophyte (occasionally) or rhizomatous (shortly) or stoloniferous (sometimes) or tufted (loosely, erect or decumbent), up to 0.7 m high. Leaf blades 150-200 (-380) mm long, 6-8(-10) mm wide. Spikelets 2.0-2.5 mm long, 1.8-2.4 mm wide. Racemes 1-5, 30-80(-150) mm long; rhachis linear and almost as wide as raceme; spikelets glabrous, ovate, arranged in 2 rows.
Perennial; up to 0.7 m high; occasionally hydrophyte; or shortly rhizomatous; or sometimes stoloniferous; or loosely tufted. Culms erect or decumbent. Leaf blades 150-200(-380) x 6-8(-10) mm. Flowers: racemes digitate; 1-5; 30-80(-150) mm long; rachis flat; linear and almost as wide as raceme; spikelets 2.0-2.5 x 1.8-2.4 mm; glabrous; ovate; arranged in 2 rows.
Racemes 1–20, digitate or borne on an axis up to 8 cm. long, the longest raceme 4–15 cm. long, the spikelets borne singly on a rhachis 1–2.5 mm. wide.
Culms 10–150 cm. high, 1–6 mm. in diam., the nodes mostly exposed, erect or ascending from a decumbent base and rooting at the nodes below.
Leaf laminae 5–40 cm. long, 3–15 mm. wide, linear, tapering to a filiform apex.
Spikelets 1.4–3 mm. long, broadly elliptic to subrotund, green becoming brown.
Inferior lemma papery or rarely coriaceous, glabrous.
Superior lemma brown at maturity.
Inferior glume absent.
Perennial.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.95
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows throughout the tropics. Although it grows in ditches best seeds are produced from dry land. It is hardy and drought resistant. It will grow on poor gravelly soils. It grows from sea level to 2,900 m above sea level. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall of up to 900 mm. It can grow in arid places.
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Roadsides, weedy places, often on damp soils, in southern China. Common in semi-swamp forest, damp grassland and swamps.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The seed is used after careful washing to remove a fungal infection from the grain. (Ergot) The mature grain matured for 6 months should be used as new grain is poisonous. Non toxic forms need to be selected. It is cooked and used like rice. It can be popped like corn. It is used for fermenented cakes,
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food gene source material medicinal poison social use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Alterative (unspecified), Antidote(Scorpion) (unspecified), Carbuncle (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Intoxication (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Anxiety (unspecified), Asthenia (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Hallucinations (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemostatics (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified), Hypothermia (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Narcotics (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Psychophysiologic disorders (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Schizophrenia (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 27
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Paspalum scrobiculatum leaf picture by DIAMOUTENE Abdoul (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Paspalum scrobiculatum fruit picture by DIAMOUTENE Abdoul (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Paspalum scrobiculatum world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Norfolk Island, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Pitcairn, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Paspalum scrobiculatum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:414702-1
WFO ID wfo-0000888417
COL ID 4DWQG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446324
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Paspalum auriculatum Paspalum boscianum Paspalum coloratum Paspalum commersonii Paspalum confertum Paspalum firmum Paspalum horneri Paspalum ledermannii Paspalum moratii Paspalum orbiculare Paspalum palustre Paspalum pubescens Paspalum scrobiculatum Paspalum coromandelinum Paspalum deightonii Paspalum puberulum Paspalum adelogaeum Paspalum akoense Paspalum amazonicum Paspalum borbonicum Paspalum commutatum Paspalum frumentaceum Paspalum jardini Paspalum kora Paspalum mauritanicum Paspalum metabolon Paspalum metzii Paspalum polo Paspalum purpurascens Paspalum serpens Paspalum zollingeri Paspalum polystachyum Paspalum cartilagianeum var. biglumaceum Paspalum commersonii var. hirsutum Paspalum commersonii var. polystachyum Paspalum commersonii var. turgidum Paspalum dissectum var. grande Paspalum longifolium var. pseudo-orbiculare Paspalum orbiculare var. cartilagineum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. auriculatum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispiculatum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. commersonii Paspalum scrobiculatum var. deightonii Paspalum scrobiculatum var. gracillimum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. horneri Paspalum scrobiculatum var. jardinii Paspalum scrobiculatum var. orbiculare Paspalum scrobiculatum var. polystachyum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. turgidum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. velutinum Paspalum virgatum var. purpurascens Paspalum virgatum var. latifolium Paspalum scrobiculatum var. polystachyum Paspalum scrobiculatum var. scrobiculatum Paspalum cartilagineum Paspalum virgatum