Peltophorum africanum Sond.

Rhodeian wattle (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Peltophorum

Characteristics

Small tree 3-9 m high, or at times larger and up to 14 m high, often branching from near the base, crown ± rounded, deciduous; stems frequently crooked. Bark light to dark brown, rough, longitudinally fissured; young branchlets rusty-or greyish-tomentose or pubescent. Leaves rusty-or greyish-pubescent or tomentose: petiole 0.7-2(3.2) cm long; rhachis 3.5-13(16) cm long (in our area); pinnae (3)4-9(12) pairs (in our area); rhachillae 1.5-8(10) cm long; leaflets (6)8-22(28) pairs per pinna, (2)4-9(12) mm long, (1)1.5-3.5(4.5) mm wide, linear-oblong or oblong, occasionally narrowly ovate-or obovate-oblong, asymmetric basally, rounded and mucronate apically, appressed-pubescent on both surfaces, lower surface paler than upper. Stipules up to 1.4 cm long, linear-subulate with up to 7 linear, alternate, lateral appendages up to 6 mm long, rusty-pubescent, soon deciduous. Inflorescences racemose, terminal and axillary, up to 24 cm long, often aggregated at the ends of the branchlets and ± panicled; the axes densely rusty-tomentose or pubescent; bracts up to 7 x 1 mm, linear-lanceolate, deciduous. Flowers yellow, on rusty-tomentose or pubescent pedicels 3-10 mm long. Calyx rusty-tomentose or pubescent outside, tube very short, ±2 mm long; lobes 4-7 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, subequal, ± oblong, the inner lobes with scarious, denticulate margins, reflexed in flower. Petals 10-14(17) mm long, obtriangular-spathulate with a short claw, or the upper one somewhat shorter and with a broader, stouter claw, rusty-hirsute basally within. Stamens 8-13 mm long, rusty-hirsute basally, glabrous above, filaments of different lengths; anthers 1.5-3 mm long. Ovary rusty-pubescent; stigma broadly peltate. Pods pendulous, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 4-9 cm long, 1.4-2(2.2) cm wide, compressed, with a wing 2-6 mm wide down each margin, 1-2-seeded, indehiscent, acuminate at both ends, finely ± longitudinally striate, densely puberulous or sometimes ± glabrescent at maturity, often persisting on leafless plants. Seeds ±9-12 x 5-8 x 1 mm, strongly compressed, elongated longitudinally in the pod.
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A tree. It grows 10 m tall. It has a rusty brown covering over the plant. It does not have thorns. It loses many leaves during the year. The leaves are twice divided. There are 7 pairs of pinnae about 6 cm long each with 15 pairs of leaflets. These are 8 mm long by 3 mm wide. The flowers are in branching groups at the end of the plant. These are 20 cm long. There are many flowers close together. They are yellow. The fruit are flattened pods that taper to both ends. They are 7 cm long by 2 cm wide. There are about 2 seeds.
Leaves: petiole and rachis together 4–28 cm, densely brown-pubescent to-tomentose, sometimes with glands; pinnae 4–13(17) pairs; pinna rachis 1.5–8(10.5) cm; leaflets 6–28 pairs per pinna, (2)4–9(12) ×(1)1.5–3(4) mm, oblong or occasionally ovate-oblong, asymmetrical at the base, rounded to subacute at the apex, and mucronate; both surfaces appressed-pubescent; stipules up to 1.4 cm long, linear-subulate with up to 7 linear, alternate, lateral appendages to 6 mm long, the whole usually very quickly caducous.
Flowers in fairly dense, terminal and axillary racemes up to 24 cm long, usually grouped at the ends of branches to form a pseudopanicle, the axes densely brown-pubescent; bracts up to 7 × 1 mm, linear-lanceolate, caducous; pedicels 3–8(10 in fruit) mm excluding the receptacle.
Pods 4–9 × 1.4–2.6 cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, the wings down each margin 3–6 mm broad, the whole densely puberulent, or glabrescent at maturity, indehiscent; seeds 1 or 2, 9–12 × 5–8 × 1 mm, ± oblong, elongated longitudinally in the pod, with the hilum at one end.
Unarmed tree, up to 9 m high. Young branchlets and leaves rusty or greyish pubescent or tomentose. Leaflets: 8-22 pairs per pinna. Inflorescences racemose. Pods elliptic, 40-90 x 14-20 mm, acuminate at both ends. Flowers bright yellow.
With 10–28 pairs of leaflets per pinna which are mucronate at apex and about 0.3–1 (–1.2) cm. long and 0.1-0.45 cm. wide, and with pedicels at flowering time about 1–1 1/2 times as long as the calyx.
Petals 10–14(17) mm long, obtriangular-spathulate with a short claw, or the upper one somewhat shorter and with a broader and stouter claw, the distal margins all ± undulate, all yellow.
Young stems with rusty-brown to greyish, ± spreading tomentum or puberulence, sometimes also with stalked, swollen-headed glands, particularly on saplings [see note].
Sepals (4)5–6(7) mm long, brown-pubescent except on the scarious margins, ± reflexed in flowering.
Stamens 8–13 mm, shorter than the petals; anthers 1.5–2.75 mm long.
Ovary appressed brown-pubescent, often ± velutinous.
Small tree 3–9(14) m high, with a spreading crown.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 9.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.55
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in open woodland and on rocky outcrops and river banks. It is often on sandy soils. It grows from sea level to 1,950 m altitude. It grows in areas with a rainfall of about 100 mm per year. It can tolerate drought. It can grow in arid places. In the Brisbane Botanical gardens.
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Wooded grassland and along marginal valleys.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The gum is eaten as a snack.
Uses animal food bee plant environmental use fodder food fuel gum invertebrate food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison ornamental poison social use timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible gums leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seeds germinate easily.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Peltophorum africanum leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Peltophorum africanum leaf picture by moses shibona (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Peltophorum africanum flower picture by Herwig Mees (cc-by-sa)
Peltophorum africanum flower picture by Mathieu Millan (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Peltophorum africanum fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Peltophorum africanum world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Peltophorum africanum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:513010-1
WFO ID wfo-0000194865
COL ID 76G7Q
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Peltophorum africanum Baryxylum africanum Brasilettia africana