Peltophorum pterocarpum (Dc.) Backer ex K.Heyne

Yellow flame tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Peltophorum

Characteristics

Tree up to 35 m high and 80(-100) cm in diam., deciduous; young shoots ferrugineous pubescent or tomentose, glabrescent. Stipules small, linear, not branched, caducous. Leaf rachis up to 26 cm and petiole up to 10 cm; pinnae 4-14 pairs. Leaflets (8 — )10 — 15 (-22) pairs per pinna, sessile, oblong, 10-20 by 3-10 mm, obtuse, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, unequally acute or attenuate, or rounded at the base; nearly glabrous above, finely pubescent, glabrescent beneath. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, paniculate, up to 40 cm long, densely ferrugineous pubescent; bracts minute, deltoid, 5-8 mm long, caducous; pedicels usually 5-7 mm. Calyx lobes slightly triangular, 5-8 by 5-6 mm, pubescent outside. Petals bright yellow, obovate, 17-25 by 10-13 mm, densely hairy towards the basal part. Stamens: filaments 12-15 mm; anthers 3 mm long. Ovary stipitate, hairy, 3-or 4-ovuled. Pods oblong-elliptic, up to 14 by c. 2.5 cm (including the wing-like margin), acute at the apex, tapering towards the base, often slightly constricted between seeds (for pods with 2 or more seeds), longitudinally striate, pubescent, glabrescent or almost glabrous, the wing-like margin 4-5 mm wide, 1-4-seeded. Seeds oblong, flat, 10-12 by 5 mm, light brown, longitudinally positioned in the pod.
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Trees, 4-15 m tall. Young shoots, petioles, and inflores­cences ferruginous hairy; old branches with yellowish, small lenticels. Leaves 30-42 cm; petiole robust; rachis 25-35 cm; pinnae 7-15 pairs, opposite, 8-12 cm; leaflets (7-)10-21 pairs, crowded together, oblong-obovate, 1.2-1.7 cm × 5-7 mm, leath­ery, abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, base oblique, margin entire, apex rounded, mucronate. Panicles terminal or axillary, densely ferruginous puberulent; bracts caducous, 5-8 mm. Pedicels ca. 5 mm, ca. as long as flower buds, 5-7 mm from one another. Flower buds globose, 5-8 mm in diam. Se­pals ovate, 5-8 × 4-7 mm, outside ferruginous tomentose. Petals obovate, 1.5-1.7 cm × 8-10 mm, densely ferruginous pubescent at middle of both surfaces, long clawed. Filaments ca. 1.2 cm, hirsute at base; anthers ca. 3 mm, sagittate at base. Ovary stalked, hairy, 3-or 4-ovuled; style filiform, much longer than ovary, smooth; stigma discoid, 3-lobed. Legume winged, compressed, fusiform, narrowed to both ends, longitudinally veined at middle part; wings 4-5 mm wide. Seeds 2-4. 2n = 26.
Tree to 15 m high; branchlets rusty-pubescent. Leaves rusty-pubescent when young; stipules simple, inconspicuous; petioles mostly 3–7.5 cm long; rachis mostly 10–30 cm long; pinnae 5–14 pairs; secondary rachises mostly 4–13 cm long; leaflets usually 9–20 pairs per pinna, oblong or oblong-rhombic, 8–21 mm long, 3.5–10 mm wide, asymmetric basally, rounded and usually emarginate apically, glabrous or appressed-pubescent. Racemes aggregated into terminal panicles, erect; axis densely rusty-pubescent. Flowers on rusty-pubescent pedicels 4–10 mm long. Calyx rusty-pubescent; lobes 5–10 mm long. Petals 1.3–2.3 cm long, yellow, rusty-hirsute basally within. Ovary rusty-pubescent. Pod 5–10 cm long, 2–3.2 cm wide, longitudinally striate, eventually splitting lengthwise along the middle of the valves. Seeds elliptic, 10–11 mm long, 5–5.5 mm wide.
A tree that loses its leaves. It grows 15-25 m tall. The trunk is 1 m across. The leaves are 30-60 cm long and twice divided. There are 16-20 pinnae and each on has 20-40 oval leaflets. These are 5-25 mm long and 4-10 mm wide. The flowers are yellow and 3-4 cm across. They are in large compound groups 20 cm long. The fruit is a pod 5-10 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. It is red when young but turns black. It contains 4 seeds.
Leaves: petiole and rachis together up to 35 cm, brown-tomentose when young; pinnae 7–14 pairs; pinna rachis 4–13 cm; leaflets (5)9–17(20) pairs per pinna, (5)8–21 × (2)4–8(9) mm, ± oblong or oblong-rhombic, very asymmetrical at the base, rounded and usually emarginate (never mucronate) at the apex; both surfaces pubescent to glabrous; stipules simple and inconspicuous or apparently absent.
With 10–19 pairs of leaflets per pinna which are emarginate and without a mucro at apex and ± 0.8–3 cm. long and 0.35-0.9 cm. wide, small unbranched stipules, racemes aggregated into a terminal panicle, and pedicels at flowering time at most as long as the calyx.
Inflorescence like that of P. africanum but usually longer and with more branches; pedicels 4–7(10 in fruit) mm, approximately as long as the calyx.
Pods (4)5–12 × 1.6–3.2 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong; seeds 1–3(?4).
Young stems shortly brown-tomentose, glabrescent.
Sepals (5)6–8(10) mm long.
Ovary as in P. africanum.
Petals 13–23 mm long.
Tree up to 17 m high.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer present
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Preferring open or disturbed forest conditions, it is frequently found along beaches and in mangrove forests, especially the inner margins of mangroves. It is also found growing wild in Imperata grassland fields and teak forests.
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Occurs in monsoon vine thicket in stabilised sandy or lateritic ledges above the beach, on flood plains or on tidal flats in seasonally inundated clay soils, sometimes on the edges of mangrove swamps.
It is a tropical plant. It grows along beaches behind mangroves and in open lowland forests. It can be on limestone plateaus and grows up to 100 m above sea level.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

UsesWidely introduced and cultivated in the tropics. Planted as a shade tree in plantations and as a very attractive ornamental in parks and along roadsides. Barks used for dyes and for various medicinal purposes. See Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1935 1715 K.Heyne Nutt. Pl. Indon. 3 1950 755. .
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Widely planted as an ornamental tree in the tropics, particularly for its profuse yellow flowering.
Uses animal food coffee substitute construction dye environmental use fodder food forage fuel green manure hedge material medicinal ornamental shade social use tanning timber wood
Edible barks leaves
Therapeutic use Dysentery (bark), Eye drops (bark), Mouthwashes (bark), Sprains and strains (bark), Toothbrush (bark), Ulcer (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Antifungal agents (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anodyne (unspecified), Collyrium (unspecified), Dentifrice (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Myalgia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sprain (unspecified), Gargle (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 27 - 36
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf picture by Ofe Ilu Odde (cc-by-sa)
Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf picture by Vincent De Caumette (cc-by-sa)
Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf picture by Rekha Suresh (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Peltophorum pterocarpum flower picture by Chin Weng Ham (cc-by-sa)
Peltophorum pterocarpum flower picture by Michael Chen (cc-by-sa)
Peltophorum pterocarpum flower picture by VIVEK VIVEK KUMAR SINGH (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Peltophorum pterocarpum fruit picture by indu sankhla (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Peltophorum pterocarpum world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Bangladesh, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:513021-1
WFO ID wfo-0000178769
COL ID 76FW6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 632047
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Baryxylum inerme Inga pterocarpa Peltophorum ferrugineum Peltophorum inerme Peltophorum roxburghii Poinciana roxburghii Caesalpinia arborea Caesalpinia ferruginea Caesalpinia inermis Baryxylum ferrugineum Caesalpinia kilaroe Caesalpinia macklottii Caesalpinia roxburghii Brasilettia ferruginea Caesalpinia glenieii Caesalpinia inerme Inga pterocarpum Peltophorum pterocarpum