Pereskia aculeata Mill.

Barbados shrub (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Cactaceae > Pereskia

Characteristics

Climbing shrub, 3–15 m high. Basal branches cane-like, 2–3 cm diam., fissured; distal branches terete, c. 4 mm diam., green. Leaves shortly petiolate; lamina ovate, oblong, lanceolate or obovate, 5–11 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, undulate, apex shortly acuminate. Spines dimorphic. Primary spines (= first formed) 1 or 2 (3), recurved and claw-like, 4–8 mm long, ± flattened in cross-section, at base of petioles. Secondary spines borne on older areoles only, up to 25 on the stem, straight, spreading, 10–35 mm long. Flowers numerous, in lateral or terminal panicles of 70 or more flowers, fragrant, 2.5–5.5 cm diam.; pedicels 5–15 mm long; pericarpel areoles with hairs and often small spines; scales few, elongated, foliaceous; outer tepals 4–7, greenish; inner tepals white to yellow, 7–12, oblanceolate-oblong, 20–25 mm long, to 9 mm wide, the apex obtuse. Staminal filaments greenish white, anthers yellow. Ovary almost superior. Style white, stigma lobes white. Fruit subglobose, 2–3 cm diam., smooth, sometimes spiny, fleshy, pale yellow to orange when ripe, never proliferating. Seeds lenticular, 4–5 mm long, black-brown, glossy.
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Shrubs, at first erect, later clambering, 3-10 m tall. Areoles cushionlike and to 15 mm in diam. on trunk, 1.5-2 mm in diam. on twigs. Spines 1-3 per areole, on main branches acicular and straight, 1-4(-8) cm, on young branches additionally with 2 short, broadly based, recurved spines for climbing. Petiole 3-7 mm; leaf blade green or abaxially purplish, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 4.5-7(-10) × 1.5-5 cm, glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate or acute; lateral veins 4-7. Flowers 3-4 cm in diam., fragrant (diosmin); pedicel 5-10 mm. Sepaloids pale green, ovate or obovate. Petaloids white to pale yellow, obovate to spatulate, 15-20 × 6-8 mm, margin entire, apex acute to truncate. Filaments white or golden, 5-7 mm; anthers yellow, 1-1.2 mm. Ovary superior; style white, 10-11 mm; stigmas 4-7, white, 3-4 mm. Fruit light yellow, obovoid or globose, 1-2 cm, spines eventually deciduous. Seeds 2-5, lenticular, 4.5-5 mm in diam., 1.4-1.6 mm thick.
Clambering shrubs or lianas; branches terete, relatively slender, about 3-10 m. long, with pairs of stout reflexed spines 2-5 mm. long. Leaves shortly petiolate, ,the blade variable, usually elliptic to obovate, obtuse to acuminate, the base obtuse to cuneate, 3-8 cm. long, 1.5-4.0 cm. broad, the petiole 3-5 mm. long. Flowers usually few or several in terminal or axillary panicles about twice as long as the subtending leaves; pedicels about 0.5-1.5 cm. long, accrescent in fruit; perianth white, yellowish, or pink, rotate, about 3-5 cm. in diameter, the segments rather numerous, the inner obovate-oblong, the outer oblong-linear; stamens numerous, less than half as long as the perianth segments; style rather stout, slightly longer than the stamens. Berry globose, 1.5-2.0 cm. in diameter, with inconspicuous thornless areoles, yellow or orange when ripe.
Shrubs or vines, clambering, 3-10 m. Stems to 3 cm diam., spiny; areoles to 15 mm diam., largest on basal portion of stem. Leaves lanceolate to ovate or oblong, 4.5-11 × 1.5-5 cm, 0.5-1 mm thick. Spines of 2 kinds; primary spines (= first formed) 2 per areole, recurved, clawlike, 4-8 mm; secondary spines to 25 per older areole, straight, 10-35 mm. Flowers to 70 in terminal or lateral inflorescences, fragrant, 3 × 2.5-5 cm; pedicels 5-15 mm; tepals perigynous; scales and areoles on prominent to inconspicuous tubercles; perianth whitish to light pink. Fruits yellow to orange, spheric, not angled, 40 × 15-25 mm, never proliferating. Seeds lenticular, 4.5-5 mm diam., glossy. 2n = 22.
Shrubby to clambering with long whip-like branches; areoles with 1-3 straight spines near the base of the plant but towards the top with pairs of short hooked spines in the leaf axils. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong to ovate, 5-7 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, dark glossy green. Flowers aggregated towards the top of the branches, white, cream, yellow or pinkish, rotate, 2.5-4.5 cm in diam., with numerous spreading segments and stamens, strongly scented. Ovary beset with leafy scales, often spiny. Berry yellow, about 2 cm in diam., quite smooth when ripe; seeds black, somewhat flattened.
A large vine-like cactus. It is a woody climber. It can be 20 m tall. It has hooked spines on the stems. There are 2 forms of spines. The vine can be 9 m long and 5-8 cm wide. It is dark green. The leaves are fleshy. The leaves are oblong or sword shaped. Leaves are shed in the dry period. The flowers are 4 cm across. They are white but become cream or pink with age. They are waxy and lemon scented. The fruit are small and yellow with acid pulp. They are about 2 cm across. The flesh is white. The fruit are edible.
Climbing, stem-succulent shrub, 3.0-15.2 m high. Branches terete, green. Areoles with 1-3 charcoal-grey spines; paired hooked thorns present. Leaves oblong to ovate, up to 70 mm long. Flowers in panicles; bracts few, elongated, leaf-like. Sepals 4-7, greenish. Petals 7-12, white, apex obtuse. Stamens of mature flower oblique. Ovary dark green, surface with spines. Fruit yellow when ripe, ± 20 mm in diam., skin smooth. Seeds black.
Clambering or shrubby. Areoles with 1-3 straight spines near base of plant but towards top with pairs of short, hooked spines in leaf axils. Flowers white, cream, yellow or pinkish.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 12.5
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Flower color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway cam

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It suits a hot tropical lowland climate. Melbourne Botanical Gardens. It does best in climates with a wet and dry period. It has moderate salt tolerance. It needs a temperature between 10-30°C. It does well in a greenhouse with night temperatures of 20°C and day temperatures of 37°C. It needs a well-drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 9-12.
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Pereskia aculeata is predominantly a weed of stream-banks, wet forest, and dry open forest in near coastal Queensland.
Naturalised in thickets besides railways near sea level in southern China.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit is used fresh or cooked. They have a citrus like flavour. They can be stewed or made into jam or preserves. The young leaves are used as a vegetable.
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Pereskia aculeata is widely cultivated as an ornamental, both for its edible fruits and fragrant flowers (considered by some as unpleasant) (Hawkes 2003). 
Uses drinks eating environmental use food food additive hedge medicinal ornamental potherb
Edible fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Immunostimulant (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Wound healing (leaf)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from cuttings. It can also be grown from seeds. It can be used for hedges.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
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Images

Habit

Pereskia aculeata habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Pereskia aculeata leaf picture by Josué Mattos (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata leaf picture by Giordani Bassani Luciano (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata leaf picture by Giordani Bassani Luciano (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pereskia aculeata flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata flower picture by Medeiros Ananda (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata flower picture by Balbinotti Daniel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Pereskia aculeata fruit picture by Fernando da Luz Schmidt (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata fruit picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Pereskia aculeata fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pereskia aculeata world distribution map, present in Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Pereskia aculeata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0000398441
COL ID 76SVY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447022
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pereskia aculeata f. rubescens Pereskia acardia Cactus pereskia Cactus lucidus Pereskia undulata Pereskia foetens Pereskia fragrans Pereskia longispina Pereskia arcadia Pereskia braziliensis Pereskia rubescens Pereskia godseffiana Pereskia brasiliensis Pereskia peireskia Pereskia aculeata var. rotundifolia Pereskia aculeata var. longispina Pereskia aculeata var. rubescens Pereskia aculeata var. godseffiana Pereskia pereskia Pereskia aculeata var. brasiliensis Pereskia aculeata var. latifolia Pereskia aculeata var. rotunda Pereskia aculeata var. lanceolata Pereskia aculeata