Petiveria alliacea L.

Guinea henweed (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Petiveriaceae > Petiveria

Characteristics

Perennial erect herb to 1-2 m tall, with odor of garlic or onion when crushed. Stem angled or ribbed, puberulent in lines between ribs. Leaves elliptical, obovate or ovate, to 16(-20) x 7 cm, acute to acuminate (sometimes obtuse to subretuse, de Granville 2532) at apex, with minute bristle-tipped enations on margin, densely but very minutely pellucid-punctate, lower surface glabrous or sparingly puberulent on veins; petiole to 2 cm long, glabrate; stipules linear. Inflorescence a laxly flowered spike-like raceme to 45 cm long; rachis puberulent; flowers sessile or subsessile; bracts lanceolate to deltate, 1-3 mm long, puberulent, green; bracteoles persistent, 1 mm long. Tepals linear or oblong, 2.6-5 x 0.8-1 mm, acute or acuminate at apex, often pubescent at base and on lower part of veins, prominently 3-to 5-veined, spreading and white or pink in flower, erect and greenish in fruit; stamens free, unequal, to 3 mm long, filaments subulate, pink, anthers seemingly medifixed, linear, ca. 1.4 mm, deeply sagittately cleft at base and apex; ovary densely pubescent. Fruit linear or narrowly oblongoid, 8-10 mm long, cuneate, striate, puberulent, appressed to inflorescence-axis, with 4 (-6, de Granville 2532) apical hooked, 2.5-4 mm long awns.
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Tall herbs, often woody at the base, with slender sometimes angled stems, to 5-10 dm. tall, with a strong odor of garlic. Leaves elliptic to obovate, the apex acute or acuminate, often mucronate, the base narrowed, 5.5-16.0 cm. long, about 2-6 cm. broad, slightly pubescent; petioles 1.5-2.0 cm. long. Inflorescence in slender usually sparsely flowered racemes 15-40 cm. long; pedicels up to 1 mm. long. Tepals white or greenish-white, sometimes pale pink, often basally pubescent, about 3-5 mm. long. Stamens 8, free, up to 3 mm. long. Ovary 4-uncinate, the hooks becoming elongate and quite prominent in fruit. Fruit linear, 8 mm. long.
Stems erect, 3-20 dm, pubescent to glabrate. Leaves: stipules 2 mm; petiole 0.4-2 cm; blade elliptic to oblong or obovate, to 20 × 7 cm, base acute to cuneate, apex acuminate or acute to obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences often drooping distally, 0.8-4 dm; peduncle 1-4 cm; pedicel 0.5-2 mm. Flowers slightly imbricate to rather remote; sepals white or greenish to pinkish, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 3.5-6 mm; ovary tomentose. Achenes striate, subtended by persistent bracts and perianth, ± appressed to rachis, 8-12 mm. 2n = 36, 72.
Erect, ½-1½ m high; stem thin, hairy in the upper part. Leaves elliptic-oblong or slightly obovate, from an acute base, with a narrowed or acuminate, acute, obtuse or rounded apex, wavy, pubescent on the main nerves above, glabrous beneath, 6-17 cm by 2½-6½ cm; petiole ½-1½ cm. Racemes spiciform, often nodding at the apex, rather lax, 10-40 cm long. Bracts ovate, acutely acuminate. Pedicels ½-1 mm. Perianth during anthesis 3-4 mm long, afterwards up to 6 mm. Stamens 6-8, erect. Fruit-spines 4, ± 3 mm long.
A shrub. The stems are 30-200 cm tall. They can be hairy. The leaves are narrowly oval and 20 cm long by 7 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A weed of semi-shaded roadsides and rough, well-drained, undisturbed ground at elevations from near sea level to 360 metres in Jamaica.
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It is a tropical plant.
Under hedges.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses: In Suriname, the plant is placed in chicken coops to help rid the fowl of lice, or an infusion of the plant is smeared on the birds for the same purpose (Ostendorf, 1962). In Guyana, as noted by Lachman-White et al. (1987), the entire plant is boiled, normally with minnie-root (Ruellia tuberosa), coconut (Cocos nucifera) root and pigeon-pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves, and the liquid used as a purgative by women suffering from "bladder troubles" (leucorrhoea). The plant is boiled with minnie-root, st. john's-bush (Justicia secunda) and inflammation-bush (Vernonia cinerea) and small quantities of the decoction are drunk for the relief of menstrual pains; larger doses are said to procure abortion. A decoction of the plant is also used as a tonic "for female rejuvenation" and as a diuretic. In French Guiana, the roots are used as an antispasmodic and febrifuge, and the leaves are decocted as a sudorific (Grenand et al., 1987). In French Guiana, the plant is locally used in sorcery to expel evil spirits (note on Burgot 4), and to bring good luck (Gely 53); a decoction is used to wash the walls of a house to protect it from evil spirits (Oldeman B-3892). Also in French Guiana the plant is used as an ingredient in a bath to treat fever (Grenand 2875).
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Uses. When the food of cattle contains Petiveria it imparts an unpleasant smell and taste to milk and meat.
Uses coffee substitute food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Abortifacient agents (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Abortifacient agents (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Diuretics (root), Menstruation-inducing agents (root), Nervous system diseases (root), Parasympatholytics (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Whooping cough (root), Abortifacient (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Cystitis (unspecified), Decoagulant (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Ecbolic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Cold(Head) (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Repellant(Bat) (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rootcanal (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Womb (unspecified), Caries (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Rabies (unspecified), Poison(Arrow) (unspecified), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Petiveria alliacea habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Petiveria alliacea habit picture by Alex Greene (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Petiveria alliacea leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Petiveria alliacea leaf picture by Silva Paulo (cc-by-sa)
Petiveria alliacea leaf picture by Marieli Reis (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Petiveria alliacea flower picture by Gwen (cc-by-sa)
Petiveria alliacea flower picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Petiveria alliacea flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Petiveria alliacea world distribution map, present in Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Hong Kong, Honduras, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, El Salvador, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Uruguay, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323288-2
WFO ID wfo-0000481950
COL ID 4FDG5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630368
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Petiveria foetida Petiveria ochroleuca Petiveria hexandria Petiveria corrientina Petiveria corrientina Petiveria paraguayensis Petiveria octandra Petiveria alliacea var. grandifolia Petiveria alliacea var. octandra Petiveria alliacea var. alliacea Petiveria alliacea

Lower taxons

Petiveria alliacea var. tetrandra