Phalaris angusta Nees ex Trin.

Timothy canarygrass (en), Phalangère étroite (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Phalaris

Characteristics

Annual, caespitose. Culms 15–100 (–150) cm high, 4–7-noded. Young shoots intravaginal. Leaves: basal sheaths often basally purple; ligule entire or irregularly toothed or erose; blade 4–33 cm long, (2–) 3–11 mm wide. Panicles spike-like, 2–18.5 cm long, narrowly cylindrical to elongated, sometimes interrupted. Spikelets all bisexual. Glumes subequal, usually 2.8–4.5 mm long, 3-nerved; nerves prominent, green, scaberulous; intercostal regions papillose to scaberulous; keel-wing conspicuous, narrow, on upper 2/3 of keel, wider near apex (where it may be shortly and abruptly acute), tapering more gradually towards base than apex. Sterile lemmas 2, subequal, c. 0.8–1.5 mm long. Bisexual floret brown at maturity; lemma 2–3.4 mm long, acute to acuminate, becoming indurated, silky; palea with similar hairs to lemma on keel; anthers (0.7–) 1–1.2 mm long; styles basally fused.
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Tufted annual, up to 1.5 m high. Leaf blade 50-300 x 3-12 mm; ligule an unfringed membrane. Inflorescence a narrow, cylindrical panicle, 25-170 x 6-15 mm. Spikelets 2.9-5.5 mm long, laterally compressed; glumes ± equal, much longer than spikelet, very narrowly and unevenly winged, tapering abruptly to apex, glabrous, pale green with dark green longitudinal stripes. Florets 3; lowest 2 florets reduced, sterile, 0.5-1.5 mm long, < 1/2 fertile lemma length, hairy; uppermost floret bisexual, 2.2-3.8 x 0.9-1.5 mm, hard, sparsely pubescent; anther 1.0-1.5 mm long. Flowering time Sept.-Dec.
Tufted annual to 1500 mm high. Leaf blade 50-300 x 3-12 mm. Inflorescence narrowly cylindrical, 25-170 x 6-15 mm. Spikelet 2.9-5.5 mm long; glumes glabrous, pale green with dark green longitudinal stripes, very narrowly winged, wing tapering abruptly to apex; sterile florets two, 0.5-1.5 mm long, less than 1/2 the fertile lemma length; fertile floret 2.2-3.8 x 0.9-1.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; anther 1.0-1.5 mm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Grows in wet sites and areas susceptible to seasonal inundation. 
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

J.W. Vickery (Fl. New South Wales 19(2): 288, 1975) notes that this species reportedly provides excellent winter feed when other grasses are growing only slowly and that it appears to be distributed by flooding on low-lying ground.
Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Phalaris angusta habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Phalaris angusta habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Phalaris angusta flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Phalaris angusta flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Phalaris angusta flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Phalaris angusta world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Ecuador, Georgia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:311946-2
WFO ID wfo-0000889592
COL ID 4FRDM
BDTFX ID 48619
INPN ID 112970
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phalaris laxa Phalaris segetalis Phalaris chilensis Phalaris ludowiciana Phalaris angusta f. macra Phalaris angusta Phalaris angusta f. macra Phalaris angusta f. composita Phalaris angusta f. interrupta Phalaris intermedia var. angusta Phalaris angusta var. angusta Phalaris angusta var. robusta