Pimpinella caffra D.Dietr.

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Pimpinella

Characteristics

Biennial or perhaps perennial herb, 22–85 cm., with a short and oblong to tapering, firm, tuber-like root, the rootstock often crowned with the remains of previous years’ leaves.. Stem terete, slender, wiry, finely striate, flexuose, ± densely pilose with short stiff hairs above, somewhat longer pilose or occasionally glabrous below, divergently branched from usually ± the middle upwards.. Basal leaves deltoid-ovate in outline, the lamina ± 1.5–5 cm. long, varying from simple and denticulate, truncate to deeply cordate at the base, to basally palmatisect with broad to narrowly linear, simple to dentate or pinnatisect segments; petiole slender, 5–19 cm., glabrous to pilose; sheaths narrow, tapering above, 1–2.5 cm., strongly ridged and sulcate; median leaves resembling the basal or more deeply divided, to pinnate with 1–5 pairs of narrowly linear to subfiliform segments, the basal pair up to 4.5 cm. long and 0.5–2.5 mm. wide, and the upper pairs rapidly shorter, increasingly more shortly petiolate upwards; upper leaves much reduced, narrowly pinnatisect or trisect, finally bract-like, sessile on the sheaths; all leaves moderately pilose to subglabrous.. Umbels of 4–12(–15) rays, densely or rarely more sparingly, very shortly and stiffly hirtellous, 1–2.3(–3.5) cm. long; involucre 0, rarely of 1 linear bract up to 8 mm. long; partial umbels 6–15-flowered; pedicels 1–4(–5) mm., indumentum similar to that of the rays; involucel 0; peduncles 2–4 cm., ± densely shortly hirtellous, sometimes with a mixture of slightly longer hairs.. Calyx absent Petals white, cordate with a broad apical emargination, ± 0.75–1 mm., densely or sparingly furnished with stiff ascending hairs on the central dorsal surface, rarely glabrous, 1-vittate.. Ovary usually glabrous or with scattered hairs which may occur particularly around the apex, rarely ± densely appressed-hairy.. Fruit broadly elliptical or sometimes broadest below the middle, laterally compressed, ± 2–2.25 × 1.75–2 mm., glabrous to sparingly or moderately furnished with short stiff hairs, black when ripe with greenish ribs; stylopodia conical, small to more tumid, with the stylopodial disk undulate-margined, narrow and flat to broad and concave, often purplish; styles from scarcely exceeding the stylopodia to slender and 3 times as long, also often purplish at least above.
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Slender, erect, sometimes aromatic, perennial herb, 0.3-0.8 m high. Leaves slender-petiolate, radical ones often simple, ovate, cordate, entire or toothed and in succession upwards becoming divided and pinnate, leaflets linear to lanceolate. Involucral bracts absent or 1. Rays 6-8, Calyx teeth absent. Petals white, glabrous, hirsute or villous. Flowering time Jan.-Mar. Fruit ovoid to broadly ovoid, slightly laterally flattened, 2-3 mm long, glabrous or hairy; vittae ± 9, 2 or more in each furrow, 2 on inner face.
We here follow Townsend (1983) in considering all the South African material as belonging to a single polymorphic species, including: P. hydrophila H.Wolff, P. krookii H.Wolff, P. schlechteri H.Wolff, P. stadensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. and P. transvaalensis H.Wolff. Distinguished by the slender perennial habit, the extremely variable simple to palmatisect basal leaves and more deeply divided to pinnate upper leaves, the white pilose to glabrescent petals and the pilose to glabrescent rays and fruits.
An erect slender herb. It grows 1 m tall. It has an aroma. The stems are circular and branched with some hairs. The leaves have slender stalks and the lower ones near the base are simple. They are oval or heart shaped with deep teeth. The leaves on the stems are deeply divided with leaflets along the stalk. The flowering stems have slender branches with a group of flowers with equal length stalks. The flowers are smal land 2 mm long. They are white. The fruit is oval or oblong with a disc at the top.
Slender, erect perennial to 45 cm, finely hairy above. Lower leaves palmately divided, upper leaves pinnatisect or bipinnatisect, leaflets linear to lanceolate. Flowers in compound umbels on branched peduncles, white. Fruit broadly ovate, usually hairy, mericarps isodiametric, homomorphic, ribbed, vittae present, 3 or 4 between each rib, rib oil ducts inconspicuous.
Perennial herb. Flowering stems up to 0.45 m high; erect, slender, softly hairy. Leaves often absent in flowering stage, basally blade simple, ovate-cordate, ternate, upwards becoming pinnately divided. Flowers: white; Feb., Mar. Fruit compressed, black with greenish ribs when ripe.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.45 - 0.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows on grassy banks.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Charm (unspecified), Fumigant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Pimpinella caffra world distribution map, present in Mozambique, Malawi, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846702-1
WFO ID wfo-0001068204
COL ID 4HWWF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cnidium kraussianum Pimpinella cordata Pimpinella schlechteri Pimpinella hydrophila Pimpinella nyasica Anisum caffrum Anisum stadense Foeniculum kraussianum Pimpinella caffra Pimpinella krookii Pimpinella reenensis Pimpinella stadensis Pimpinella transvaalensis

Lower taxons

Pimpinella caffra subsp. conopodioides