Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims

Cape cheesewood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Pittosporaceae > Pittosporum

Characteristics

Shrub or tree up to 20 m. high; bole up to 50 cm. in diameter; bark of bole and older twigs pale to dark grey, greyish-brown to brown or rarely blackish, smooth, occasionally peeling off like paper.. Leaves mostly crowded at ends of branches, with blade spathulate, obovate or broadly oblanceolate, together with petiole up to 14.5 cm. long, 4.5 cm. broad (average ± 9.5 × 3 cm.), rounded, rarely subtruncate, mostly ± acuminate with blunt tip, narrowed into the up to 20 mm. long petiole, often glaucous-green, paler beneath, quite glabrous or somewhat pubescent on midrib and petiole when young, later ± glabrescent; midrib flat or slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral nerves up to 8 on either side, fine but often somewhat prominent above, merging into the dense uniform reticulation, which is persistently visible and areolate or tessellate above, dark coloured beneath, but usually soon turning pale.. Inflorescences terminal short racemose or subumbellate panicles, up to 6 cm. long and broad; branches glabrous to shortly hairy; bracts subulate, up to 3 mm. long, puberulous, caducous.. Flowers with strong sweet scent like lemons or Jasminum, variously white, cream, greenish, yellowish or rarely golden green, on 3–6–10 mm. long glabrous, puberulous or shortly hairy pedicels.. Calyx l–3(–6) mm. long, glabrous or somewhat puberulous; sepals either free and not imbricate, bluntly ovate-lanceolate, ± 1 mm. broad, or connate into a 1–4.5 mm. long tube (often split down one side) and with irregular lobes.. Petals (4.5–)5.5–7–9 mm. long and in upper half 1.5–2–2.5 mm. broad, mostly erect with spreading tips.. Fertile stamens 4–4.8–6 mm. long with 1.2–1.8–2.2 mm. long anthers; sterile stamens 2.6–5.5 mm. long with anthers not exceeding 1 mm. in length.. Gynoecium 4–5 mm. long if fertile, 4.5–6.5mm. long if sterile, usually glabrous.. Capsules 4–8-seeded; valves of ripe capsule up to 10 mm. in diameter, sometimes longer than broad, plano-convex or dorsally gibbous, spreading or bent slightly upwards.
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Evergreen, aromatic, woody, resinous tree, 2-10 m high; schizogenous secretory canals present. Leaves alternate, ± obovate, entire, glabrous; petiolate; estipulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate. Flowers cream-coloured, bisexual or unisexual; pentamerous, sweet-scented. Sepals free, deciduous. Petals ± connate to middle, claws connivent, blades spreading. Ovary superior, carpels 2, 1-locular; style, short. Fruit a ± globose capsule; valves 2, entire, leathery, brown, splitting through persistent style. Seeds 4-8 per valve, in 2 rows on each parietal placenta, orange to red, covered by resin.
Adult leaves glabrous or faintly appressed-pubescent on petiole and midrib, very variable in size and shape, with lamina (including petiole) up to 11 x 4 cm., usually obovate to broadly oblanceolate, rounded or shortly acuminate, length-breadth ratio usually less than 3: 1, rarely narrower and longer acuminate, in age usually glaucescent and ± tessellate above, rarely smoother, dull or somewhat glossy; midrib flat or slightly impressed; nerves generally thin, flat, rarely prominulous beneath, merging into the reticulation, often somewhat conspicuous above; reticulation dense, uniform.
Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m high. Leaves with blade obovate to narrowly obovate, very variable in size, apex rounded to acute, margins entire, upper surface shiny dark green, lower surface paler green with conspicuous net-veining, clearly visible against the light. Flowers: in branched terminal heads; corolla lobes creamy yellow or greenish yellow, 6-7 mm long; Sep.-Jan. Fruit a globose, yellowish brown, woody capsule, 5-10 mm in diameter, with bright orange-red, sticky seeds.
A tree. It grows 10-25 m high. The trunk is light grey with darker bands of cells. It is densely leafy and the leaves are leathery. The leaves are 7 cm long by 3 cm wide. There is often a notch at the tip. The flowers are in dense clusters at the top of the plant. The petals are greenish-yellow. The fruit is downy but becomes hairless when ripe. There are few seeds. They have a bright orange sticky covering over them.
Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m high. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate, lower surface with conspicuous net-veining. Capsule with orange-red, sticky seeds. Flowers dull white.
Tree or shrub to 20 m, thinly hairy on young parts. Leaves leathery, oblanceolate, margins revolute. Flowers in terminal panicles, creamy, fragrant seeds red, sticky.
Capsules (in our area probably always) 4-seeded; valves of the ripe capsule plano-convex or dorsally gibbous, spreading or bent slightly upwards.
Inflorescences rather dense, rarely reduced, with (in our area always) ± pubescent branches.
Sepals free and up to 1.5 mm. long or rarely longer and variously connate.
Tree up to 10 m. high or large shrub.
Petals usually greenish-white.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.6 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Drier types of forest and evergreen bushland; rain-forest; farmland derived from these vegetation types; bamboo forest; degraded Juniperus procera forest; riverine and swamp forest, humid woodland; sometimes rocky outcrops; 650-2,600 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in open woodland and on rocky outcrops. It can be on the edges of forests along rivers and in mountains. It grows between 1,350-2,450 m above sea level.
Light 5-5
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh. The leaves are sued for flavouring and as a preservative.
Uses dye environmental use fiber food fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Divination (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Pittosporum viridiflorum leaf picture by Iain Douglas-Hamilton (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pittosporum viridiflorum world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Pittosporum viridiflorum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:684745-1
WFO ID wfo-0000487907
COL ID 4JCFS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pittosporum mannii Pittosporum capense Pittosporum viridiflorum Pittosporum kapiriense Pittosporum kruegeri Pittosporum malosanum Pittosporum ripicola Pittosporum ustulatum Pittosporum sinense Pittosporum commutatum Pittosporum antunesii Pittosporum vosselerii Pittosporum dalzielii Pittosporum feddeanum Pittosporum arbutifolium Pittosporum quartinianum Pittosporum spathicalyx Pittosporum mannii subsp. ripicola Pittosporum viridiflorum subsp. dalzielii Pittosporum viridiflorum subsp. feddeanum Pittosporum lynesii Pittosporum viridiflorum var. commutatum Pittosporum ripicolum subsp. katangense Pittosporum abyssinicum var. angolense Pittosporum viridiflorum subsp. malosanum Pittosporum viridiflorum subsp. quartinianum Pittosporum viridiflorum var. angolense Pittosporum viridiflorum var. kruegeri Pittosporum viridiflorum subsp. viridiflorum Pittosporum viridiflorum var. viridiflorum Pittosporum rhodesicum