Plantago australis Lam.

Mexican plantain (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Plantaginaceae > Plantago

Characteristics

Hairy perennial herb with short stout caudex and numerous adventitious roots. Lvs all radical, few to many in the rosette; petiole usually 1-20 cm long, often purple, sometimes very short and ill-defined with woolly tuft at base. Lamina c. 2.5-30 × 7-8 cm, lanceolate, or obovate to broad-elliptic, hairy, especially beneath on the raised 5 or 7 main veins, entire or remotely dentate; base attenuate; apex obtuse. Scape c. 5-60 cm long, ± terete, densely hairy in upper part. Spike generally > 10 cm long at maturity, narrow-cylindric. Bracts usually slightly < sepals, ciliate, otherwise very similar to sepals. Sepals 2-3 mm long, broad-ovate, scarious except for central green or purple band, usually glabrous except for ciliate keel. Corolla tube = calyx; lobes 2.5-3 mm long, ovate, mostly soon curling involutely and forming a prominent, acute, erect, cone. Stamens glabrous, usually with small anthers and included (cleistogamous fls), sometimes with large, long-exserted anthers (chasmogamous fls). Style hairy, > corolla. Capsule 2.5-3.5 mm long, ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 3-seeded. Seeds 1.8-2.2 mm long, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, generally deep olive green, sometimes brownish green or almost black.
More
Persistent herb with a stout rhizome 1-4 cm long and tough fibrous roots. Leaves mostly lanceolate, broadest above the middle, narrowed gradually into the petiole, to 30 cm long, the margins entire or with small irregularly spaced teeth, the petiole forming less than half the length; pubescent with spreading whitish trichomes to 1 mm long, especially on the ribs beneath and at the top of the petiole area. Scape slender or stout, mostly exceeding the leaves, to 40 cm long, often curved basally, sparsely pubescent when mature, densely so when juvenile, especially near the fertile portion. Flowers in a dense or open spike occupying about half the scape; bracts less than one-third the length of or as long as the sepals, strongly keeled with a small hyaline margin; sepals 2-3 mm long, strongly keeled apically, the apex obtuse; corolla lobes open or (Panamanian collections) closed, narrowly deltoid, exceeding the calyx, con-spicuous orange-brown when dry. Pyxis circumscissile about the middle, well below the sepal tips, the top covered by the closed corolla which falls with the seeds; seeds 3, olive-green, elliptical-lenticular, ca 2 mm long, shining, minutely impressed-punctate.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 20 cm tall and spreads 20 cm wide.
Pending.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2
Mature height (meter) 0.2
Root system adventitious-root fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 3,500 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium.
More
Not known
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young leaves are cooked and eaten. They are also eaten raw in salads.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Plantago australis habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Plantago australis habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Plantago australis habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Plantago australis leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Plantago australis leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Plantago australis leaf picture by val bergo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Plantago australis flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Plantago australis flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Plantago australis flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Plantago australis world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:684911-1
WFO ID wfo-0000487655
COL ID 6VNZK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706663
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Plantago macrostachys Plantago brachypus Plantago durvillei Plantago ecuadorensis Plantago hypoalasia Plantago hirtella f. minor Plantago gigantea Plantago stuckertii Plantago candollei Plantago accrescens Plantago kurtzii Plantago refracta Plantago macropus Plantago denudata Plantago asplundii Plantago tomentosa Plantago tomentosa subsp. hypolasia Plantago hirtella var. mollior Plantago pflanzii var. grandidens Plantago australis subsp. australis Plantago australis subsp. ecuadorensis Plantago hirtella var. janeirensis Plantago hirtella var. brachypus Plantago hirtella var. glabrescens Plantago schiedeana var. minor Plantago macrostachys f. brachypus Plantago durvillei subsp. mollior Plantago durvillei var. chamaeclina Plantago durvillei var. hauthalii Plantago durvillei var. latifolia Plantago hirtella var. denticulata Plantago macrostachys var. stuckertii Plantago macrostachys var. gigantea Plantago myosuros var. latifolia Plantago macrostachys var. accrescens Plantago macrostachys var. denudata Plantago macrostachya var. brachypus Plantago stuckertii subsp. catamarcensis Plantago macrostachys var. typica Plantago hirtella var. platensis Plantago macrostachys var. platensis Plantago pflanzii var. hauthalii Plantago pflanzii var. mollior Plantago pachyneura var. latifolia Plantago australis subsp. macrostachys Plantago pflanzii var. chamaeclina Plantago pachyneura var. chamaeclina Plantago pachyneura var. hauthalii Plantago australis

Lower taxons

Plantago australis subsp. oreades Plantago australis subsp. sodiroana Plantago australis subsp. hirtella Plantago australis subsp. pflanzii Plantago australis subsp. supina Plantago australis subsp. angustifolia Plantago australis subsp. cumingiana Plantago australis subsp. leioloma