Poa trivialis L.

Rough bluegrass (en), Pâturin commun (fr), Gazon d'Angleterre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Poa

Characteristics

Open, often wide-leaved, light to darkish green, stoloniferous perennial tufts, c. 20-90 cm; branching extravaginal; leaf-blades persistent. Leaf-sheath light green, sometimes purplish, ± membranous, usually finely scabrid on ribs, especially near ligule, keeled. Ligule 2.5-10 mm, apically glabrous, entire, tapered to a point, abaxially with scattered very minute prickle-teeth. Leaf-blade 10-20 cm × 1.5-7 mm, soft, flat, finely scabrid on ribs or smooth; margins and fine pointed tip finely scabrid. Culm 40-70 cm, erect, internodes smooth, or finely scabrid below panicle. Panicle (5)-10-20 cm, usually open and very lax; rachis smooth to finely scabrid above, branches fine, spreading, finely, densely scabrid, with numerous spikelets toward tips. Spikelets 3-4 mm, 2-3-flowered, green or purplish. Glumes ± unequal, finely scabrid on nerves; lower 1.5-2.5 mm, 1-nerved, narrow-lanceolate, upper 2-3 mm, 3-nerved, elliptic-to ovate-lanceolate; tips fine, acute. Lemma 2-3 mm, 5-nerved, narrow-oblong, glabrous, but midnerve with short fine hairs on lower ½ and scabrid above hairs, marginal nerves with a few short hairs near base; margins and acute tip membranous. Palea 2-2.5 mm, keels extremely minutely scabrid, interkeel glabrous. Callus with long slender tuft of fine crinkled hairs. Rachilla ± 0.5 mm, glabrous. Lodicules 0.2-0.4 mm. Anthers 1.5-2 mm. Caryopsis c. 1.5 × 0.5 mm, tightly enclosed by anthoecium.
More
Perennials, tufted, stoloniferous, shoots with or without beadlike swellings. Culms decumbent to geniculate, 20–100 cm tall, 1–2 mm in diam., nodes 3 or 4, scabrid below panicle and nodes. Lower leaf sheaths usually densely retrorsely scabrid, 8–15 cm, subequal to blade, uppermost closed for ca. 1/4 of length; blade flat, papery, 8–20 cm × 2–5 mm, surfaces scabrid, apex acuminate; ligule 3.5–10 mm, abaxially scabrid, acute to acuminate, collar smooth or scabrid, glabrous. Panicle oblong to pyramidal, 9–20 × 2–4 cm; branches obliquely ascending to spreading, 4–5 per node, densely scabrid throughout, longest ca. 4 cm with many spikelets crowded in distal 1/2, pedicels very short. Spikelets 2.5–3.5(–4) mm, florets 2 or 3; vivipary absent; glumes scabrid on keel, lower glume narrow, often sickle-shaped, 1.5–2 mm, 1-veined, upper glume 2.2–3 mm, 3-veined; lemmas ca. 2.5 mm, abaxial surface slightly arched, keel shortly villous for ca. 1/2 of length, marginal veins glabrous or pilulose to short-villous in lower 1/3, intermediate veins prominent, areas between veins minutely bumpy, glabrous; callus webbed, hairs long; palea subequal to lemma, minutely bumpy between keels, glabrous, keels minutely scabrid or bumpy. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Jul.
Stoloniferous perennial, usually caespitose. Culms 20–100 cm high; basal culm internodes often swollen; mid-culm internodes scabrous or glabrous, terete or compressed. Young shoots extravaginal. Leaves: basal sheaths with margins connate in lower 1/3 or shortly near base, usually retrorsely scabrous on nerves or sometimes smooth, often purplish; ligule 3–7 (–10) mm long, pointed, apically glabrous, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy; blade flat, (3–) 7.5–22 cm long, 1.5–5.2 (–6) mm wide, adaxially scabrous, abaxially glabrous or scabrous. Panicles open or contracted, 3–20 cm long. Spikelets 2.5–4 mm long, with 2 (–4) bisexual florets. Glumes narrowly acute; lower glume 1.9–2.6 mm long, 1-nerved; upper glume 2.3–2.9 (–3.5) mm long, 3-nerved. Web well-developed, with hairs often longer than lemma. Lemma 2.5–3.5 mm long, narrowly acute, distinctly incurved at apex, 5-nerved; keel and marginal nerves ciliate to villous in lower half; intermediate nerves usually glabrous; intercostal regions glabrous. Anthers 1.3–2.1 mm long.
Culms slender to stout, erect from a decumbent (even shortly stoloneous) base, 5–10 dm, without rhizomes, smooth or often scaberulous below the infl; sheaths finely scabrous; blades soft, 2–6 mm wide, the cauline ones often 15 cm; ligule (2.5–)3–7+ mm, panicle soon long-exsert, ovoid or oblong, the ascending branches in sets of 5–8, with numerous crowded spikelets; pedicels scabrous; spikelets ovate or elliptic, 2-fld and 2.7–3.2 mm or 3-fld and 3–4 mm; glumes lanceolate, incurved, the first 1.7–2.9 mm, the second 2–3.3 mm; lemmas thin, narrowly ovate, sharply 5-veined, acute or acuminate, glabrous except the scaberulous keel and webbed base; anthers 1–2 mm; 2n=14, 28. Native of Europe, intr. in meadows, moist woods, and along roadsides from Nf. to Minn. and S.D., s. to N.C. and Ill., and in the Pacific states.
Loosely to densely tufted perennial 200-900 mm high, spreading from a decumbent base; stolons creeping, leafy. Leaf blade 50-150 x 1-5 mm; ligule 3-10 mm long acute to acuminate. Inflorescence 75-200 mm long, ovate or pyramidal, open to contracted, branches in clusters of 3-7, undivided in lower parts, scabrid, less than own length apart; spikelets aggregated on upper part of branches. Spikelet (2)4-6 mm long, 2-5-flowered; lower glume 1-nerved; lemma keel short hairy from base to middle, margins glabrous rarely sparsely hairy near base, keel base densely woolly hairy; palea keels glabrous but scabrid; anthers 1.2-2.0 mm long.
Perennial, loosely tufted (spreading from a decumbent base) or rhizomatous (stolons creeping and leafy), 0.9 m high. Leaf blades 50-150 mm long, 1-5 mm wide; ligule ovate or oblong-acute, 4-6 mm long. Spikelets 4-5 mm long. Panicle ovate or pyramidal, 75-200 mm long, lowest branches whorled; spikelets 3-5-flowered, aggregated on upper part of branches; lemmas pilose on keel only; anthers ±1.5 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.95
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) 0.15
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An uncommon weed favouring damp shaded areas, usually in cool districts. 
Light 2-5
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 84
Germination temperacture (C°) -5 - 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) 10 - 24
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Poa trivialis habit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Poa trivialis leaf picture by Милана Гилетич (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis leaf picture by Angélique Prédot (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis leaf picture by Nils Buchet (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Poa trivialis flower picture by Pieter Verbrugghe (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis flower picture by Corentin Corentin corentin (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis flower picture by Michal Swiecicki (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Poa trivialis fruit picture by guido freddi (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis fruit picture by yvon s (cc-by-sa)
Poa trivialis fruit picture by Pl@ntNet (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Poa trivialis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Morocco, Montenegro, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Palau, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320346-2
WFO ID wfo-0000894135
COL ID 4KMZW
BDTFX ID 50912
INPN ID 114416
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Poa trivialis f. prorepens Phalaris semineutra Poa angustifolia Poa attica Poa kitaibelii Poa modesta Poa palustris Poa panicea Poa pichinchensis Poa pollinensis Poa scabra Poa semineutra Poa tristriata Poa trivialis Poa woronowii Aira semineutra Poa callida Poa dubia Poa pseudohybrida Poa sylvicola Poa trachyphylla Poa uda Poa ariguensis Poa perouini Poa trivialis f. humilis Poa trivialis f. pallescens Poa stolonifera Poa setacea Poa portalii Poa pratensis subsp. attica Poa pratensis var. attica Poa trivialis subsp. feratiana Poa trivialis var. multiflora Poa trivialis var. obtusata Poa trivialis var. parviflora Poa trivialis var. prorepens Poa trivialis var. semineutra Poa trivialis var. septentrionalis Poa trivialis var. sylvicola Poa trivialis var. umbrosa Poa trivialis var. woronowii Poa trivialis subsp. semineutra Poa trivialis subsp. sylvicola Poa trivialis var. filiculmis Poa trivialis var. glabra Poa trivialis var. humilis Poa trivialis var. latifolia Poa trivialis var. trivialis Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis Poa trivialis var. setacea Poa trivialis subsp. latifolia Poa trivialis var. holsatia

Lower taxons

Poa trivialis var. multiflora