Polygala longifolia Poir.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Polygala

Characteristics

Annual herb, erect occasionally with ascending branches, up to 120 cm high; indumentum of curved hairs, glabrescent. Stems and leaves often tinged red or maroon especially at base of plant. Leaves ± caducous (the plant often leafless or with only a few leaves), linear to lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate to obovate leaves towards the very base of plant, 5–32 mm long, 0.5–7.0 mm wide; apex acute, mucro 0–0.3 mm long; petiole 0–0.5 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, a raceme to 300 mm long, greatly exceeding the leaves. Pedicel to 2 mm long. Alae perpendicular to reflexed in fruit (position), petaloid, pink or white with maroon veins, obovate or oblanceolate, 3.0–6.4 mm long, 1.6–3.3 mm wide, glabrous. Corolla white to pink; floral appendages fimbriate; upper petal claw c. 0.6 mm wide. Stamens ± terminate at stigma, monadelphous; staminal flap not visible. Style curved, ± terete, with flat stigma on inner surface directly below apex. Capsule perpendicular to reflexed, ± aligned with alae, lacking wing (if present, wing to 0.5 mm wide, generally wider at apex), ± symmetrical, obovate, 3–5 mm long, 1.5–2.8 mm wide; lobe apices rounded and separated. Seed obloid, 1.8–3.3 mm long, 0.6–1.0 mm wide, with indumentum of fine white hairs. Aril head helmet-shaped, 0.3–0.5 mm long, white with brown groove where reduced to seed testa, short hairs present and often concentrated along the groove. Aril appendages 3, absent or much reduced triangular projections, 0.25 mm long.
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Herbs annual, 20-47(-150) cm tall. Stems slender, winged or ridged, sparsely pubescent, little branched. Leaves subsessile; leaf blade papery; basal leaves dense, ovate, 5-10 × ca. 5 mm; upper leaves sparse, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate; subterminal leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × 0.2-0.5 cm, green, glabrescent, midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, lateral veins obscure, base cuneate, margin entire, slightly recurved, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal, ca. 5 cm, to 10(-20) cm after anthesis, glabrous or slightly pubescent, densely flowered; bracteoles 3, caducous, pubescent, median one triangular-subulate, ca. 2 mm, lateral ones ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Sepals 5, persistent; outer sepals 3, median one keel-like, ca. 2 mm, lateral ones small; inner sepals 2, petaloid, obovate, ca. 3 × 2 mm, base unguiculate, apex rounded. Petals 3, connate in lower 1/3, pink or purplish; lateral petals shorter than keel, subrhomboid or ± obovate; keel apex with papilionaceous appendages. Stamens 8, lower 1/2-3/4 united forming an open staminal sheath, split in upper 1/4-1/2 into 8 free filaments; anthers yellow, ovoid. Ovary ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; style curved, hooklike; stigma mammilliform. Capsule oblong, ca. 3 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam.; carpel with foveolate striation, margin unequally obliquely winged. Seeds black, oblong, white pubescent; strophiole white, membranous, pubescent, 3-lobed. Fl. and fr. Aug-Nov.
Annual, erect, little-branched herb up to 80 cm high. Stem ribbed, glabrous or upwards set with short, curved hairs. Leaves proportionally few, linear to linear-lanceolate, the lowest ones slightly broader, 10-55 by 1-6 mm, subsessile, acute, with recurved margins, (sub)glabrous, l-nerved. Racemes mostly terminal, 2-20 cm long, dense. Bracts and bracteoles early caducous. Flowers 3-4, in fruit up to 5 mm long (including the alae), lilac, turning purple, when dry whitish. Outer sepals acute, glabrous to ciliate, alae elliptic to obovate, rounded, 3-nerved, glabrous. Upper petals oblong, glabrous or rarely hairy inside in basal half; keel not auriculate, glabrous or rarely sparsely hairy outside, apically with 2 rather few-divided appendages. Filaments free for ¼-½. Ovary elliptic, glabrous; style strongly curved, (sub)apically at inner side with a single, relatively large, knob-shaped stigmatic lobe. Capsule shorter than the alae, broadly elliptic to obovate, c. 3-3.5 mm long, emarginate, with a narrow, veined, glabrous wing widening apically. Seeds oblong, at micropylar side with a small, unequally 3-lobed aril, dark, hairy.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Found in a variety of habitats, including eucalypt woodlands, Acacia and Melaleuca shrublands, drainage depressions and seepage areas. Grows in a variety of substrates including laterite, sandstone, skeletal soils, sandy loam, basalt, quartzite and clay
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Mainly grasslands (often burned), 0-1400 m; obviously with a preference for areas subject to a dry season.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Lactogogue (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Polygala longifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Polygala longifolia world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:691760-1
WFO ID wfo-0001239621
COL ID 4L7TK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Polygala leptalea Polygala oligophylla Polygala discolor Polygala pyramidalis Polygala riukiuensis Polygala longifolia