Polygala myrtifolia L.

Myrtle-leaf milkwort (en), Polygala à feuilles de Myrte (fr), Polygale à feuilles de myrte (fr), Polygala à feuilles de myrte (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Polygala

Characteristics

Perennial much-branched, densely foliaged shrub to 3 m (rarely to 5 m) high. Young stems with short curly hairs, glabrous when older. Leaves elliptic to obovate, obtuse and slightly apiculate or rarely slightly retuse, (10–) 15–30 (–50) mm long, 6‒15 mm wide, glabrous or very sparsely hairy; petiole 1–2 mm long. Flowers clustered in short, simple, terminal racemes 4‒5 cm long, the racemes c. 5-flowered; perianth purple to pale lilac (lower ⅔ of keel often contrastingly paler to white), sometimes dense colour restricted to veins on a paler ground; pedicels 5–10 mm long; bracts suborbicular, 1–3 mm long, persistent; 3 outer sepals broadly oblique-ovate, 5–7 mm long; alae (wing sepals) petaloid, ovate-orbicular, (10‒) 15–17 mm long, slightly longer than corolla; keel c. 10 mm long, bearing a crest of two much-branched appendages 4–6 mm long; outer petals 2-lobed, c. ?–¼ length of keel; keel with a fimbriate crest near apex; style curved. Capsule suborbicular, c. 10 mm long, c. 8 mm wide, glabrous. Seeds obloid to ovoid, 4‒5 mm long, dark brown to black, sparsely hairy; aril 3-lobed.
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Perennial much-branched shrub up to 2 m high. Young stems with short curly hairs, glabrous when older. Lvs all alternate, glabrous or very sparsely hairy, elliptic to obovate, obtuse or rarely slightly retuse, entire, (10)-15-30-(35) mm long; petioles 1-2 mm long. Fls clustered in short, simple, terminal racemes; perianth coloured or veined purple toward apex; pedicels 5-8 mm long; bracts suborbicular, 2-3 mm long, persistent; 3 outer sepals ovate, 5-7 mm long; wings petaloid, ovate-orbicular, c. 15-17 mm long, slightly > corolla; outer petals 2-lobed, c. ?-1/4 length of keel; keel with a fimbriate crest near apex. Capsule glabrous, c. 10 mm long with a marginal wing c. 1 mm wide, c. ⅔ length of persistent calyx wings; seeds hairy, dark brown, oblong, c. 5 mm long; strophiole 3-lobed.
Branched shrub, erect, densely leafy, glabrous or pubescent, 0.3-2.0 m high. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, erect, sometimes glabrous; blade spreading-ascending, variable in size and shape, oblong, elliptic, linear or acicular, usually not reducing in size towards apex of twigs, margins in broad leaves slightly recurved, in narrow leaves strongly revolute, apex acute, obtuse, broadly rounded or subtruncate. Flowers large, papilionaceous, in short terminal racemes, magenta and green, varying somewhat in size, often 20 mm long. Flowering time all year. Fruit a laterally compressed, membranous capsule. Seed oblong-cylindric, pubescent, caruncle large, white with 2 dorsal claws reaching beyond middle of seed and one ventral claw < 1/2 as long as seed.
Shrub, up to 1.3 m high; not spinescent. Stems virgately branched, sparsely to densely appressed; crisped pubescent. Leaves petiolate; blade oblong-elliptic, ± 25 x 5 mm, apex obtuse; petioles 1-2 mm long. Flowers: in lateral racemes; wings suborbicular, ± 10 x 9 mm, apex rounded, base asymmetric; wings and petals purplish pink; Sep.-Nov. A very variable species. Description alludes to specimens occurring in a mountainous area.
A sprawling shrub. It grows 2 m tall. The young parts can be velvety. The leaves point upwards and are narrow with edges the curl back. The flowers are large and in short groups at the ends of the branches. They are purple and the side petals have 2 lobes. The lower lobe is longer.
Sprawling or erect shrub, up to 2 m tall, often velvety on young parts. Leaves ascending, linear with margins slightly revolute to elliptic-obovate and flat. Flowers large, in short terminal racemes, purple, side petals bilobed, lower lobe much longer than dorsal.
Sprawling or erect shrub to 2 m, often velvety on young parts. Leaves ascending, linear with margins slightly revolute to elliptic-obovate and flat. Flowers large, in short, terminal racemes, purple, side petals bilobed, lower lobe much longer than dorsal.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 1.75 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Roadsides, disturbed sites, grasslands, coastal dunes, wetland margins, riparian areas and open woodlands. The species has an affinity for sandy (especially calcareous) soils, and is tolerant of salt.
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It is a subtropical plant. It grows on rocky slopes.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 4-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Grown as a garden ornamental, e.g. see Rodd (1996: 350), Ellison (1999: 442), Spencer (2002: 503). Used in traditional medicine. Known for its antibacterial, antimicrobial and antifungal properties (van der Walt 2003).
Uses environmental use medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Polygala myrtifolia habit picture by Olivier Ripert (cc-by-sa)
Polygala myrtifolia habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Polygala myrtifolia leaf picture by Michel Salaün (cc-by-sa)
Polygala myrtifolia leaf picture by Giode Tonpino (cc-by-sa)
Polygala myrtifolia leaf picture by Mario Cannata (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Polygala myrtifolia flower picture by philippe Maudoux (cc-by-sa)
Polygala myrtifolia flower picture by Pérez Juan Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Polygala myrtifolia flower picture by Herve Peylet (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Polygala myrtifolia world distribution map, present in Australia, Algeria, France, Italy, Lesotho, Malta, New Zealand, Portugal, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:691901-1
WFO ID wfo-0000488587
COL ID 4L7XX
BDTFX ID 51212
INPN ID 114572
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Polygala amoena Polygala linkiana Polygala pinifolia Polygala clutioides Psychanthus myrtifolius Polygala ligularis Polygala myrtifolia

Lower taxons

Polygala myrtifolia var. pinifolia