Polygala persicariifolia Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Polygala

Characteristics

Annual herb, erect with ascending branches, up to 50 cm high; indumentum of curved hairs on stems, rarely straight on stems and inflorescence, and scaberulous on leaves, particularly veins, midrib and leaf margins. Leaves strongly discolorous, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate to ovate, 14–60 mm long, 4–14 mm wide; apex acute, mucro 0–0.3 mm long; petiole 0–1.5 mm long. Inflorescence supra-axillary or axillary in leaf or branch axils, rarely a solitary flower, usually a raceme to 90 mm long, usually exceeding the leaves. Pedicel to 5 mm long. Alae perpendicular to reflexed in fruit, petaloid, white to pale green, widely elliptic, 4.0–6.7 mm long, 2.4–5.5 mm wide, glabrous or margin minutely ciliate. Corolla pink to purple; floral appendages fimbriate; upper petal claw 1 mm wide. Stamens terminate at apical stigma, monadelphous; staminal flap c. 0.7 mm wide. Style straight at base and bent in apical half, in dried state dorso-ventrally flattened, with 2 globular stigmas, 1 apical and 1 lateral, both apparently receptive. Capsule deflexed to reflexed, ± aligned with alae, lacking wing (if present, wing to 0.4 mm wide at apex), widely ovoid to obovoid, 4.8–5.0 mm long, 4.0–4.3 mm wide; lobe apices rounded and separated. Seed ovoid–obloid, 3.0–3.6 mm long, 1.3–1.7 mm wide, with indumentum of fine white or ferruginous hairs. Aril head helmet-shaped, 0.50–0.65 mm long, white, glabrous or with hairs in groove where aril reduced to seed testa. Aril appendages 3, short, ± triangular, 0.25–0.35 mm long.
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Herbs annual, 10-70 cm tall. Stems terete, mostly branched, crisped pubescent. Petiole short; leaf blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-6.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces hispidulous or pubescent, midvein conspicuous, base cuneate, margin ciliate, apex obtuse. Racemes in fork and terminal on lateral branches, 2-9 cm. Pedicel 2.5-5 mm; bracts 3, persistent, unequal, lanceolate. Sepals 5, persistent, ciliate; outer sepals 3, unequal, median one boatlike, ca. 4 mm, narrowly winged on midvein, lateral ones ovate-elliptic, ca. 3 mm; inner sepals 2, petaloid, broadly obovate or orbicular, ca. 6 mm in diam., 5-veined, anastomosing, base unguiculate. Petals 3, connate in lower 1/2, pink to purple; lateral petals ± obliquely rhombic, inside hairy at base; keel cucullate, ciliate, apex with 2 bundles of linear appendages. Stamens 8, lower 1/2-3/4 united forming an open staminal sheath adnate with petals, split in upper 1/4-1/2 into 8 free filaments; anthers ovoid. Ovary obovoid, ciliate; style curved; stigmas 2, slightly spaced, one apical, other lateral, sessile. Capsule oblong or orbicular, ca. 5 mm, narrowly winged, ciliate. Seeds black, oblong, slightly compressed, ca. 4 mm, white villous; strophiole cucullate, shallowly 3-lobed. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
A hairy annual herb. It grows about 45 cm high. The leaves have short stalks. They are oblong. The flowers are yellow. They are in open flower clusters in the axils of leaves and at the ends of branches. The fruit is a capsule. It is oblong.
Flowers greenish, pink or purplish, pedicels 3–4 mm. long, in many-flowered, terminal and lateral racemes up to 10 cm. long; rhachis crisped-pubescent; bracts 1.5–2 mm. long; bracteoles up to 0.8 mm. long, persistent.
Posterior sepal 3–3.5 mm. long, keel-shaped; wing sepals 5–7 x 3.5–6 mm., very broadly elliptic to suborbicular with rather prominent venation, glabrous; anterior sepals 2.5–3 mm. long, free, keel-shaped.
Capsule 5 x 4.5 mm., very broadly elliptic to suborbicular in outline, ciliate on the margin, with a narrow wing less than 0.5 mm. broad.
Upper petals 3 mm. long, obliquely and irregularly elliptic, notched on one side; carina 4 x 1.5 mm., crest 1.5 mm. long, purple.
Leaves 2–8 x 0.5–2 cm., elliptic to very narrowly elliptic, somewhat acuminate, with rather sparse, short, bristly hairs.
Seeds 3 x 1.5 mm., oblong-ellipsoid, with white silky hairs; caruncular appendages scarcely developed.
Annual up to 60 cm. or more tall; stems slender, often arcuate-ascending, crisped-pubescent.
Annual herb, to 31/2 ft. high
Lateral sepals magenta
Corolla magenta.
Stamens 8.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.56 - 0.63
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. In Nepal it grows between 700-1900 m altitude. It grows in shady places. In West Africa it grows in savannah areas. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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In Australia, found in eucalypt woodlands associated with granite, often close to creeks.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

In Nepal the leaves are used for making fermenting cake from which liquor is distilled.
Uses food medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Polygala persicariifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Polygala persicariifolia world distribution map, present in Australia, Burundi, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Cameroon, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Sudan, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692040-1
WFO ID wfo-0001100620
COL ID 4L849
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Polygala figariana Polygala granulata Polygala hypericoides Polygala rufa Polygala persicariifolia Polygala buchananii Polygala wallichiana Polygala septemnervia