Polygala polifolia C.Presl

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Polygala

Characteristics

Herbs annual, 10-15 cm tall. Main root woody. Stems multibranched, diffuse, densely curved pubescent. Petiole very short, pubescent; leaf blade green, obovate, oblong, or elliptic-oblong, 5-12 × 2-5 mm, thickly papery, midvein slightly raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, lateral veins nearly absent, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute, mucronate. Racemes axillary or extra-axillary; peduncles very short, shorter than leaves, few flowered and clusterlike, 2-10 mm; basal bracts 3, caducous, ovate, unequal, 0.5-1 mm, ciliate. Pedicel short, pubescent. Sepals 5, persistent; outer sepals 3, ovate, 1.2-3 × 1-1.2 mm, apex acuminate; inner sepals 2, obliquely oblong or elliptic, 3-3.5 × ca. 2 mm, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Petals 3, connate at base, white or purple; lateral petals triangular-rhombic, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm, margin sometimes undulate, emarginate, glabrous; keel cucullate, longer than lateral petals, apex with 2 indistinct groups of multifid appendages. Stamens 8; filaments ca. 2 mm, forming an open staminal sheath split in upper 1/2-2/3, with 2 separate single filaments with anthers in middle, and on either side of these a united group of 3 filaments each carrying 3 sessile anthers at tip. Ovary oblong, ca. 1 mm in diam.; style ca. 2 mm, gradually thickened toward apex, curved; stigma mammilliform. Capsule suborbicular, ca. 2 mm in diam., margin minutely winged, very sparsely pubescent. Seeds 2, black, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, ca. 1 mm in diam., densely white pubescent; strophiole white, 3-lobed. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
More
Annual herb, erect with decumbent, ascending or spreading branches, up to 20 cm high; indumentum of curved hairs. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, 4–22 mm long, 2–8 mm wide; apex obtuse or rounded, rarely some leaves acute, mucro 0.1–0.3 mm long; petiole 0–1 mm long. Inflorescence supra-axillary, a raceme to 2 mm long, not exceeding the leaves. Pedicel to 0.5 mm long. Alae perpendicular or deflexed in fruit (position), herbaceous, ovate to lanceolate, falcate or dimidiate, 2.40–2.95 mm long, 1.0–1.3 mm wide, with curved hairs or glabrescent. Corolla purple, white or yellow (from dried material only); floral appendages fimbriate; upper petal claw c. 0.25 mm wide. Stamens terminate at stigma, triadelphous (fused as 3, 2, 3); staminal flap c. 0.25 mm wide. Style curved in apical half, truncate at apex with sterile tip distal to ± globular stigma, style with narrow groove at apex; in dried state dorso-ventrally flattened. Capsule deflexed, becoming reflexed, ± aligned with alae or apex of alae diverging at c. 45° from capsule, lacking wing, ± symmetrical, widely ovoid to orbicular, 2.1–2.5 mm long, 1.9–2.2 mm wide; lobe apices rounded and separated. Seed ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.90–2.10 mm long, 0.90–1.15 mm wide, with indumentum of fine white. Aril head hooked to round, 0.2–0.4 mm long, white, with short erect hairs. Aril appendages 3, linear, 0.25–0.6 mm long.
Annual, erect to prostrate, branched herb up to 50 (-70) cm high. Stem terete, set with short curved hairs. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 2-20 by 1-7 mm, subsessile, acute to mucronate, with slightly recurved margin, sparsely hairy to subglabrous, 1-nerved. Racemes supra-axillary, up to 1 cm long, few-flowered and cluster-like. Bracts persistent, minute, acute, cil-iate. Flowers c. 2.5—3(—3.5) mm long, light to deep blue, turning violet, alae green and often partly red. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, alae asymmetric, 5-nerved. Upper petals ± spathulate, emarginate, shorter than the keel; keel auriculate, at apex with 2 much-incised appendages. Staminal tube split halfway, with 2 single filaments and 2 bundles of 3 fully connate filaments with sessile anthers. Ovary broadly elliptic, ciliolate and sometimes minutely hairy; style curved in apical half, apically widened, stunted, on one side with a sterile, more or less pronounced tip, the other side (situated at inner side) with a more or less pronounced stigmatic lobe. Capsule shorter but wider than the alae, c. 1.5 mm long, almost orbicular, very narrowly winged, ciliolate, further glabrous to sparsely hairy. Seeds oblong, at micropylar side with an unequally 3-lobed aril, black, hairy.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.18
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

With so few collections, it is difficult to determine the habitat of this species in Australia. Van der Meijden (1988) indicated that this species occupies roadsides, grasslands and waste places. 
More
Along roadsides, in grasslands, in waste places, 0-750(-1800 m).
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Hepatoma (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Polygala polifolia world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Micronesia (Federated States of), Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692073-1
WFO ID wfo-0001229597
COL ID -
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Polygala telephioides Polygala polifolia Polygala simadai Polygala chinensis f. arvensis