Polygala triflora L.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Polygala

Characteristics

Annual herb or short-lived perennial, often with thickened tap root, erect with ascending or spreading branches, up to 30 cm high, sometimes woody at base; indumentum of curved hairs only or with straight and curved hairs. Leaves linear to oblanceolate or obovate, 7–48 mm long, 2–7 mm wide; apex acute, rounded, truncate or retuse, mucro 0.3–0.5 mm long; petiole 0–1 mm long. Inflorescence supra-axillary or axillary, a raceme to 90 mm long, exceeding the leaves, but not past leaves at the top of plant. Pedicel to 2 mm long. Alae perpendicular to deflexed in fruit (position), herbaceous, lanceolate, usually falcate, 3.3–4.4 mm long, 1.0–1.8 mm wide; indumentum variable, as per whole plant. Corolla not seen fresh, colour recorded as purple, light purple to yellow, or white; floral appendages fimbriate; upper petal claw 1 mm wide. Stamens terminate at stigma, monadelphous; staminal flap c. 0.6 mm wide. Style hooked (horseshoe-shaped at apex), in dried state dorso-ventrally flattened, with flat stigma along inner surface of hook. Capsule perpendicular to deflexed, becoming reflexed, ± aligned with capsule or apex of alae sometimes diverging c. 30° from capsule, lacking wing, widely ovate to widely oblong to elliptic, 3.2–4.5 mm long, 2.5–3.3 mm wide; lobe apices rounded and separated. Seed ovoid-obloid, 3–4 mm long, 1.0–1.4 mm wide, with indumentum of fine white hairs becoming ferruginous. Aril head helmet-shaped, 0.5–0.8 mm long, white, with brown groove where reduced to testa, fine short hairs along groove. Aril appendages 3, oblong, 0.30–0.75 mm long.
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Herbs perennial, prostrate, 5-40 cm tall. Stems multibranched, erect, procumbent, or ascending, appressed pubescent. Petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 10-20(-27) × 2.5-3 mm, membranous, 1-veined, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, base attenuate, margin entire, apex shortly acute. Racemes opposite to leaves or supra-axillary, 1-3 cm, rather few flowered; rachis filiform, 1-3 cm. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm; basal bracteoles 2, caducous, lanceolate. Flowers 3.5-4.5 mm. Sepals 5, persistent, green, ciliate; outer sepals 3, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apex acuminate; inner sepals 2, obovate to falcate, ca. 3 mm, apex acute, aristate, ciliate. Petals 3, connate at base, yellow; lateral petals broadly obovate, ca. 2 mm; keel cucullate, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than lateral petals, apex with 2 fascicled appendages, each fascicle deeply lobed at apex. Stamens 8, lower 2/3 united, forming an open staminal ciliate sheath and split in upper 1/3 into 8 free filaments; anthers ovoid. Ovary obovoid, ca. 1 mm, winged, ciliate; style curved, apex hooklike; stigma in hook. Capsule obovoid-ellipsoidal, ca. 3 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., narrowly winged, ciliate, apex notched. Seeds black, ovoid, ca. 3 mm, white pubescent; strophiole ± cucullate, 3-lobed, lobes membranous. Fl. and fr. unknown.
Erect to prostrate, usually much-branched herb, sometimes woody at base, up to 40 cm high. Stem terete, set with short, curved hairs. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5-50 by 1-5 mm, subsessile, mucronate, with recurved margins, shortly hairy, 1-nerved. Racemes usually supra-axillary, the free part 0.5-2 cm long. Bracts usually persistent, minute, ciliate. Flowers (3.5-)4-5 mm long, yellow or dull orange, with green and partly red alae. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate and with a short mucro, cilio-late, alae asymmetric, 5-nerved. Upper petals slightly to distinctly shorter than the keel, spathulate, inside hairy in basal half; keel with 2 bundles of shortly incised appendages. Ovary quadrangular with rounded edges, stiffly hairy in upper part along the margin; style strongly curved in apical part, subapically strongly reflexed with the stigmatic lobe inside. Capsule shorter than the alae, usually asymmetric, usually broadly elliptic, 3.5-4 by 2.5-3.5 mm, notched, narrowly winged, the wings with both short curved hairs as well as with long stiff hairs. Seeds ellipsoid, at micropylar side with an unequally 3-lobed aril, black, hairy.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.35 - 0.4
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Open, grassy places, probably in climato-logically wetter places than P. glaucoides, 0-1200 m.
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Usually found in a variety of eucalypt woodlands, in sandy soil and loam.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food medicinal non-vertebrate poison social use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Polygala triflora world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692490-1
WFO ID wfo-0001284231
COL ID 4L8GV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Polygala kleinii Polygala triflora Polygala prostrata Polygala aurata var. macrostachya