Polygala vulgaris L.

Common milkwort (en), Polygala vulgaire (fr), Polygale commun (fr), Polygala commun (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Polygala

Characteristics

Perennial much-branched herb up to 20-(30) cm high. Stems ± glabrous or with sparse curly hairs, becoming glabrous and woody at base. Lvs all alternate, rarely subopposite at base, glabrous, narrowly elliptic (basal lvs broader), acute, entire, sessile, 5-20 mm long. Fls (8)-10-25-(35) in loose, simple, terminal racemes; perianth coloured or veined pink or violet toward apex; pedicels 0.5-2 mm long; bracts ovate-triangular, c. 1 mm long, deciduous; 3 outer sepals linear to elliptic-ovate, 2.5-3 mm long; wings petaloid, usually elliptic, 5-8 mm long, slightly < corolla; outer petals entire, slightly > keel; keel fimbriate near apex. Capsule glabrous, 4-6 mm long with a marginal wing c. 0.5 mm wide, from 3/4 to = persistent calyx wings; seeds hairy, dark brown, oblong, c. 2.5 mm long; strophiole 3-lobed.
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Ascending to weakly erect, glabrous or glabrescent, perennial rhizomatous herb to c. 40 cm high. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, acute, 8–30 mm long, 2–6 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers mauve-blue, 8‒35 in terminal racemes 2–12 cm long; bracts lanceolate, c. 2 mm long; bracteoles ovate, c. 1 mm long, purplish, soon caducous; pedicels 1–2 mm long; sepals free, the upper and lower ones narrow-ovate, 2–3 mm long, alae (wing sepals) obovate, 5–8 mm long, 2–4.5 mm wide in fruit, 3–5-veined with connecting lateral veins; corolla c. 7 mm long, shortly exceeding sepals at anthesis, keel fimbriate with appendages c. 2 mm long, lateral petals entire, slightly longer than keel. Capsule obcordate, (?4‒) 6‒9 mm long, 5‒7 mm wide, glabrous. Seed obloid, 2–2.5 mm long, silky, with a 3-lobed aril c. 1 mm long.
A bush that keeps growing from year to year. It is often a low plant. It grows 15 cm high and spreads 10 cm wide. The stem is erect and simple. The leaves at the base are fattened and oval and the ones on the stem are more narrow. The flowers are small and in dense racemes. The flowers are 5-8 mm long. They are blue, red or white. The wings have 3 veins.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1
Mature height (meter) 0.35
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean plant. It grows in grassy and stony places. It does best in a light to medium well-drained soil. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost and drought. Tasmania Herbarium.
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In Victoria, recorded in fertile loam soils on roadsides (VicFlora 2021); in Tasmania, recorded as a weed in moist heath and along roadsides (Monro 2019).
Grassland on heaths, dunes etc, on acidic and alkaline soils.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Used as a tea substitute and in traditional medicine.
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The leaves have been added to green tea.
Uses medicinal tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antiseptic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or division.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Polygala vulgaris habit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris habit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris habit picture by Martine GARCIA (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Polygala vulgaris leaf picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris leaf picture by Marie Vauthiers (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris leaf picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Polygala vulgaris flower picture by francoise cloteau (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris flower picture by francoise cloteau (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris flower picture by Rémi Arras (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Polygala vulgaris fruit picture by F Beran (cc-by-sa)
Polygala vulgaris fruit picture by roberto (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Polygala vulgaris world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692570-1
WFO ID wfo-0000488110
COL ID 4L8K5
BDTFX ID 51244
INPN ID 114595
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Polygala oxyptera Polygala coerulea Polygala stojanovii Polygala dubia Polygala basaltica Polygala ballii Polygala aquitanica Polygala angustifolia Polygala caespitosa Polygala transsilvanica Polygala vulgaris Polygala spuria Polygala vaillantii Polygala moriana Polygala reticulata Polygala involutiflora Polygala babingtonii Polygala verviana Polygala lensei Polygala michaletii Polygala insubrica Polygala oberthueri Polygala vulgaris subsp. oxyptera

Lower taxons

Polygala vulgaris subsp. insubrica Polygala vulgaris subsp. valdarnensis