Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.F.) Fosberg

Shield aralia (en), faux-caféier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Polyscias

Characteristics

Treelets or small trees, 2-6(-7) m tall, andromonoecious. Leaves 1-or 2-pinnate; petiole 35-30 cm, enlarged and clasping at base, alate for 1-6 cm with membranous wings; petiolules 1-5 cm; leaflets 1 (leaves unifoliolate), 3, or 5 (rarely 2 or 4), broadly elliptic to oblate or reniform, occasionally ovate or obovate, 5-20(-24) × 5-20(-26) cm, papery to subleathery, base shallowly cordate or convex, margin subentire to coarsely crenulate or shallowly serrate, teeth short, apex rounded. Inflorescence terminal, erect, a panicle of umbels; primary axis 30-100 cm; secondary axes 15-30, in 2-4 verticils, 15-50 cm; tertiary axes (peduncles) 7-30 per secondary axis, in irregular verticils, 2-18 mm, with a terminal umbel bisexual and lateral umbels of staminate flowers; pedicels 1.5-7 mm. Ovary (2 or)3-5-carpellate; styles free nearly to base, 0.4-0.6 mm at anthesis, spreading, expanding in fruit to 0.8 mm. Fruit infrequently seen, subglobose to depressed-globose (somewhat triangular to quadrangular when 3-or 4-carpellate), 4-6 mm high.
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Glabrous shrub or small tree, up to 6 m, with branches bearing spirally arranged leaves towards their ends. Leaves simple or trifoliolate, variable in size; petiole often c. 6 cm, but as long as 28 cm, with a sheathing base 1-6 cm long; lamina rotund or reniform, often c. 8 cm ø but as wide as 28 cm, margin usually serrate or becoming sub-lobed towards apex, in larger leaves the serrations often inconspicuous, apex rounded, base ± cuneate, midrib and lateral veins evident. Inflorescence a diffuse panicle; primary axis usually long (up to 1 m) with secondary branches (mostly in verticils, at intervals along its length; secondary branches 15-30 cm, bearing umbellules in an irregularly branched system towards their extremities; umbellules with c. 8-16 flowers, on pedicels c. 3 mm long. Calyx a minute rim. Petals 4-5, 2 mm long. Stamens 4-5, anthers oblong, 1 mm long. Ovary turbinate, c. 1 mm high, (2-)3-4-celled, styles at first erect, later recurved. Fruit subglobose, fleshy, c. 5 mm ø when dry.
A shrub which forms many branches from the base. It is 1-6 m high and spreads 1.5-3 m wide. The stems are bronze-green and there are distinct scars where the leaves fall off. The leaves have long leaf stalks and they can be simple or have 1-5 leaflets. The leaves are often cup shaped or saucer shaped. The leaf is elongated along the leaf stalk for about a quarter of its length. The leaves have teethed and are smooth on both sides. They are dark green on top and lighter green beneath. The leaf blade is 8-25 across and almost round or kidney shaped. The leaf stalk is 6-28 cm long. The flowers are 0.5 cm across. They are white or yellow. The fruit is 0.7 cm across and purplish-black. It is round and fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality andromonoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 3.0
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in the lower altitude regions. It needs well drained soils. It often grows at low altitudes and up to 800 m altitude. It is often grown as a hedge. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Grown at low and moderate altitudes (800 m) as an ornamental or hedge shrub.
Found at lower elevations in New Guinea.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses. The foliage is aromatic and is used to furnish perfume. Forms with variegated foliage are in cultivation. Used medicinally as a diuretic, against breast cancer, and to prevent baldness (Heyne, l.c.). Also for culinary purpose (Ochse & Bakh. l.c. 67).
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The young leaves and tips are cooked and eaten.
Uses animal food environmental use food invertebrate food medicinal social use
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Molluscacides (leaf), Alopecia (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The shrub is often planted and pruned to form a hedge. It is grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Polyscias scutellaria leaf picture by jeff ti (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Polyscias scutellaria world distribution map, present in Brazil, China, Dominica, Haiti, Moldova (Republic of), Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States of America, and Vanuatu

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:91817-1
WFO ID wfo-0000280144
COL ID 4LLVX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446943
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nothopanax cochleatus Nothopanax scutellarius Nothopanax tricochleatus Aralia cochleata Panax cochleatus Panax conchifolius Paratropia latifolia Aralia latifolia Aralia rotunda Panax heyneanus Panax rotundatus Panax rumphii Panax scutellarioides Polyscias scutellaria Polyscias tricochleata Polyscias scutellarioides Hedera latifolia Hedera cochleata Hedera latifolia Aralia rotundifolia Crassula scutellaria