Polyscias J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Aralia (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae

Characteristics

Trees. Leaves petiolate, more than once pinnately compound or pari-or imparipinnate, glabrous or pubescent with simple or stellate hairs. Leaflets simple with margin generally either entire or nearly so, or sometimes pinnately compound or pinnatisect. Stipules present or absent. Inflorescences paniculate, glabrous to densely tomentose, sometimes branching in a very orderly racemose manner (species 1–3); ultimate branches (pedicels) arranged in racemules or umbellules; pedicels (except in P. stuhlmannii var. inarticulata) articulate just below the flower. Flowers with calyx-margin repando-5-dentate to subentire. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Disk nearly flat, slightly convex or conically raised. Ovary bilocular or (in P. stuhlmannii) 5-locular; styles 2, connivent at base, or (in P. stuhlmannii) 5, free or nearly so. Fruit laterally compressed or practically terete. Seeds laterally compressed, ellipsoidal, fluted or smooth; endosperm non-ruminate.
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Unarmed shrubs or trees, glabrous or furfuraceous. Leaves imparipinnate or 2-3-pinnate (rarely unifoliolate) with an elongated or short sheathing base; rachis articulated; petiole terete; leaflets in pairs, entire, crenate or dentate. Inflorescence terminal, often large, a panicle, corymb, or compound rarely simple umbel. Flowers in umbellules, capitula, or racemose; pedicels articulated below the ovary. Calyx a rim with an undulate or dentate margin. Petals 4-5(-8 or more), valvate. Stamens equal in number to the petals; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary inferior, 4-5(-8 or more)-celled; disk fleshy; styles either free and recurved (at least in fruit) or joined to form a beak-like stylopodium. Fruit a spherical or ovoid drupe, crowned by the persistent calyx rim and the styles or stylopodium; exocarp fleshy, endocarp chartaceous. Endosperm with an uneven surface, fissured, or rarely smooth.
Shrubs or trees, evergreen, hermaphroditic, andromonoecious or dioecious, unarmed, often glabrous, some with sharply aromatic herbage. Leaves 1-5-pinnately compound, margins entire to crenate or serrate; stipules sometimes intrapetiolar and adnate to inside of petiole or absent. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, heads or spikes, sometimes with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and 1 to several lateral umbels of male flowers. Pedicel articulate below ovary. Calyx undulate or with 4 or 5(-8 or more) small lobes. Petals 4 or 5(-8 or more), valvate. Stamens as many as petals. Ovary 4 or 5(-8 or more) carpellate; styles free or rarely connate at base. Fruit a drupe, terete or laterally flattened. Seeds compressed, endosperm smooth.
Aromatic, glabrous shrubs or small trees, often cultivated. Leaf-sheath elongated along the petiole for 1/3-¼ of its length. Styles spreading, at least in the fruit.
Trees or shrubs with imparipinnate leaves. Umbellules arranged in short corymbose compound umbels. Style arms fused, forming a beak-like projection on the fruit.
Trees or shrubs with pinnate or bipinnate leaves. Umbellules arranged in diffuse panicles. Style arms fused, forming a beak-like projection on the fruit.
Inflorescence paniculate, regularly compound, racemosely branched in species of our area, the ultimate divisions of racemules or umbellules.
Trees or shrubs with imparipinnate or bipinnate leaves. Flowers in umbellules or capitula; style arms divergent at least in fruit.
Leaves petiolate, pinnately compound (bipinnate outside our area), glabrous to densely tomentose with stellate (or simple) hairs.
Ovary 2-locular (sometimes 5-locular in other areas); styles 2 (or 5), divergent for nearly all their length.
Tree with bipinnate leaves. Flowers arranged racemosely; style arms free and divergent after anthesis.
Seeds rounded or laterally compressed, ellipsoid, smooth or sometimes ribbed; endosperm non-ruminate.
Leaflets simple (or divided in species outside our area), more or less entire.
Calyx forming a shallow cup, subentire or shallowly 5-toothed.
Trees, often tall and with noticeably regular branching.
Petals and stamens 5; stylopodium not well developed.
Fruit terete (or slightly compressed).
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Primary or second-growth forest, from sea-level to 2650 m.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Polyscias unspecified picture

Distribution

Polyscias world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Dominica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Norfolk Island, Nigeria, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3081-1
WFO ID wfo-4000030816
COL ID 8W2LV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 445424
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Shirleyopanax Tetraplasandra Gastonia Polyscias Arthrophyllum Tieghemopanax Nothopanax

Lower taxons

Polyscias joskei Polyscias cissiflora Polyscias cissodendron Polyscias elegans Polyscias farinosa Polyscias felicis Polyscias filicifolia Polyscias floccosa Polyscias florosa Polyscias guilfoylei Polyscias mollis Polyscias multibracteata Polyscias multijuga Polyscias muraltana Polyscias nodosa Polyscias subcapitata Polyscias tafondroensis Polyscias weinmanniae Polyscias zanthoxyloides Polyscias bracteata Polyscias lecardii Polyscias scopoliae Polyscias aculeata Polyscias acuminata Polyscias aemiliguineae Polyscias aequatoguineensis Polyscias albersiana Polyscias amplifolia Polyscias anacardium Polyscias andraerum Polyscias ariadnes Polyscias australiana Polyscias baehniana Polyscias balansae Polyscias balfouriana Polyscias baretiana Polyscias belensis Polyscias bernieri Polyscias bipinnata Polyscias boivinii Polyscias borbonica Polyscias borneensis Polyscias carolorum Polyscias chapelieri Polyscias confertifolia Polyscias corticata Polyscias crenata Polyscias culminicola Polyscias cumingiana Polyscias cussonioides Polyscias dioica Polyscias fraxinifolia Polyscias fruticosa Polyscias fulva Polyscias gracilis Polyscias gruschvitzkii Polyscias heineana Polyscias javanica Polyscias kikuyuensis Polyscias kivuensis Polyscias lancifolia Polyscias lantzii Polyscias ledermannii Polyscias letestui Polyscias macgillivrayi Polyscias maralia Polyscias mauritiana Polyscias murrayi Polyscias myrsine Polyscias neraudiana Polyscias nossibiensis Polyscias ornifolia Polyscias pentamera Polyscias purpurea Polyscias quintasii Polyscias rainaliorum Polyscias richardsiae Polyscias royenii Polyscias samoensis Polyscias schmidii Polyscias schultzei Polyscias scutellaria Polyscias sessiliflora Polyscias sorongensis Polyscias tahitensis Polyscias terminalia Polyscias verticillata Polyscias willmottii Polyscias zippeliana Polyscias coriacea Polyscias stuhlmannii Polyscias madagascariensis Polyscias obtusifolia Polyscias palmervandenbroekii Polyscias paniculata Polyscias pinnata Polyscias mayottensis Polyscias microbotrys Polyscias pancheri Polyscias reineckei Polyscias rivalsii Polyscias roemeriana Polyscias sechellarum Polyscias rodriguesiana Polyscias kalabenonensis Polyscias pachypedicellata Polyscias wohlhauseri Polyscias kavaiensis Polyscias sandwicensis Polyscias waialealae Polyscias verrucosa Polyscias spectabilis Polyscias crassa Polyscias oahuensis Polyscias marchionensis Polyscias lydgatei Polyscias serratifolia Polyscias waimeae Polyscias lionnetii Polyscias hawaiensis Polyscias meliifolia Polyscias montana Polyscias macrocarpa Polyscias mackeei Polyscias otopyrena Polyscias stonei Polyscias gymnocarpa Polyscias flynnii Polyscias bisattenuata Polyscias thailandica Polyscias engganoense Polyscias rufosepala Polyscias rubiginosa Polyscias pulgarensis Polyscias prolifera Polyscias pacifica Polyscias vieillardii Polyscias jackiana Polyscias compacta Polyscias briquetiana Polyscias maraisiana Polyscias humbertiana Polyscias leandriana Polyscias ashtonii Polyscias angustifolia Polyscias aherniana Polyscias revoluta Polyscias diversifolia Polyscias cenabrei Polyscias elliptica Polyscias duplicata Polyscias collina Polyscias biformis Polyscias pleiosperma Polyscias lanutoensis Polyscias havilandii Polyscias macrantha Polyscias kjellbergii Polyscias alternifolia Polyscias semiliguineae Polyscias papyracea Polyscias aubrevillei Polyscias bellendenkeriensis Polyscias dichroostachya Polyscias jacobsii Polyscias philipsonii Polyscias vogelkopensis Polyscias tripinnata Polyscias sleumeri Polyscias botryophora Polyscias sambucifolia Polyscias cutispongia Polyscias repanda