Portulaca quadrifida L.

Chickenweed purslane (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Portulacaceae > Portulaca

Characteristics

Prostrate, mat-forming annual or short-lived perennial; stems spreading to 30 cm or more, much branched, rooting freely from the nodes, articulated, fleshy and often flushed reddish.. Leaves opposite, elliptic to ovate, 5–10(–14) mm long, 1.5–3(–4) mm wide subacute to obtuse, the nerves obvious; nodes with a dense whorl of whitish hairs 2–6 mm long, some hairs scale-like at the base, a few narrowly lanceolate scales intermixed.. Flowers solitary at the tips of short lateral branches, surrounded by 4 involucral leaves and copious hairs.. Sepals ovate, 3–4(–5.8) mm long; petals 4, usually yellow, rarely apricot, pinkish or red, 3.5–6(–10) mm long; stamens 7–16; stigma 4-branched.. Capsule dehiscing near the base, basal part a very thin persistent rim, lid conical or dome-shaped, 2–4 mm high, thinly papyraceous; seeds semi-orbicular in outline, ± 1 mm long, dull grey, testa cells shallowly convex to domed, often with a central tubercle, the marginal walls obvious, straight and thick.
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Annual herb; stems prostrate, much-branched, to ca. 14 cm long, weak and filiform, 0.5 mm wide, glabrous, creeping and rooting at nodes, forming rooting mats, with nodal tufts of to 2 mm long hairs. Leaves opposite; blade flat, obovate, elliptical, lanceolate or ovate, 2-12 x 1-6 mm (typically 4 x 2 mm in the Guianas), obtuse or acute at apex. Inflorescence of 1-2(-3) terminal flowers, surrounded by long white hairs and an involucre of 4-5 triangular, obtuse, membranaceous, 2-3 mm long leaves; flowers pedicellate. Sepals subequal, triangular-oblong, 2-3.5 x 2 mm, apex obtuse-rounded; petals yellow, elliptical or ovate, 3-6 mm long; stamens 7-12, filaments pilose, anthers more or less suborbicular; ovary conical-ovoid, style 2.5-3.5 mm long, 3-to 4-branched, stigmas ca. 0.5 mm long. Fruit ovoid, to 6 x 0.5 mm, circumscissile in lower third, operculum tubular-campanulate, 1.5-2.5 mm wide; seeds bluish-grey, 0.8-1.0 mm wide, densely granular-or spiny-tuberculate.
Creeping herb, rooting at the nodes; nodes with a whorl of hairs. Leaves elliptic to cordate, 2-20 by 0.8-7 mm with c. 5 mm long axillary hairs. Flowers terminal, l(-3) on an infundibuliform, profusely hairy stem-apex, at edge with 4, seldom more leaves. Sepals c. 3 mm long. Petals 4, obovate, up to 5 by 4 mm, yellow. Stamens 8 or 12; filaments up to 3½ mm; anthers c. 0.30 by 0.30 mm. Style up to c. 4 mm with (3-)4(-5) arms. Fruit ± obovate, up to c. 2-3½ by 3 mm; operculum c.⅔ the height, shining, straw-yellow. Seeds ∞, 0.8-1 mm ø, dull; testa cells elliptic, radially arranged, the surface either convex or with a pyramidal tubercle.
Herbs annual. Stems articulated, prostrate, rooting at nodes; leaf axils patent pilose. Leaves opposite; petiole absent; leaf blade flat, ovate, obovate, or ovate-elliptic, 4-8 × 2-5 mm, slightly narrowed toward base, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers solitary, surrounded by involucre of 4 or 5 bracts, white pilose. Sepals obovate-oblong, 2.5-3 mm, membranous, veined. Petals 4, yellow, oblong or broadly elliptic, 3-6 mm, connate at base, apex mucronate. Stamens 8-10. Ovary ovoid. Stigma (3-or)4-lobed. Capsule globose, ca. 2.5 mm, pericarp membranous. Seeds gray, subglobose, laterally compressed, minute, muricate. Fl. and fr. year-round.
Prostrate, annual herb; stems reddish, rooting at nodes, up to 0.25 m long; taproot stout. Leaves fleshy, elliptic, up to 10 x 4 mm, apex acute, both surfaces ± flattened, venation reticulate, petiolate; stipular hairs light, yellowish brown, many, up to 10 mm long. Flowers mostly solitary at ends of branches, surrounded by 4 relatively large leaves and many hairs. Sepals ± triangular, united at base. Petals 4(5), yellow, orange or pink, 5 x 3 mm, ± elliptic. Flowering time Mar., Apr.? Fruit a conical-ovoid capsule. Seeds many, ± 1 mm in diam., greyish, reniform, verrucose with blunt tubercles.
An annual creeping herb. It is weak and fleshy. The stems curl backwards. They form roots at the nodes. The leaves occur opposite each other. They are flat and oval and 4-8 mm long by 2-5 mm wide. The flowers occur singly at the tips of the branches. There are 4-5 white leaves around them. The flowers are yellow. The fruit capsule is yellow and has a lid. The capsule is 2.5 mm across and round. The seeds are very small.
Leaves opposite; lamina fleshy, up to 10 × 4 mm. but often much less and frequently somewhat shrunk in dried specimens, elliptic, lanceolate, elliptic-oblong or rarely cordate-ovate, apex acute or obtuse, both surfaces more or less flattened; petiole c. 1 mm. long; stipular hairs whitish, numerous, 3–5 mm. long.
Annual herb, up to 0.01 m high. Stems procumbent, with branches up to 0.25 m long succulent Leaves with blade obovate to narrowly obovate, 8-12 x 2-3 mm, stipular hairs many. Flowers: terminal; solitary; corolla deep pink, purple to red or yellow; Nov.-Mar.
Prostrate, succulent herb with branches up to 250 mm long. Leaves flattened, lanceolate-acuminate or elliptic to ovate. Stipular hairs not dilated. Flowers deep pink, purple to red or yellow.
Prostrate annual herb with a somewhat swollen tap-root; stems often reddish and sometimes rooting at the nodes, sometimes reaching 25 cm. long and c. 1 cm. in diam.
Flowers 1–4 at the ends of the branches, surrounded by 4 leaves often somewhat larger than the cauline ones, and by numerous hairs c. 4 mm. long.
Petals 4 (5), yellow or orange or very rarely pink or purplish, almost free, c. 5 × 3 mm., elliptic to ovate.
Ovary conical-ovoid; style c. 5 mm. long, thickened at the apex and with 4 spreading stigmas.
Seeds many, c. 1 mm. in diam., greyish, reniform, verrucose with blunt tubercles.
Sepals 2–4 × 1·5–3·5 mm., ± triangular, obtuse, united at the base.
Capsule conical-ovoid, dehiscing horizontally c. 1/3of the way up.
A prostrate or decumbent herb with pinkish stems
Fleshy leaves very variable in shape size
Conspicuously woolly at the nodes
Flowers yellow.
Stamens 8–12.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.01
Root system adventitious-root creeping-root fibrous-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows on sand and in wayside drains and grassland. It grows in dry waste places. It grows between 50-1,750 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
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Waysides, deforested land, ruderal places, often between gravel or in sand, not on the sandy beach, below c. 300 m. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
A common ruderal, but in Sierra Leone only seen in a few towns.
Open disturbed grounds on sandy soils.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are boiled and used in preparing bread from millet. The whole plant is also boiled and used as a vegetable. It is also used for chutney. CAUTION: It is claimed this plant should not be eaten in large amounts. It probably accumulates nitrates and probably contains oxalates.
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Uses. A native vegetable and used as a medicine. See HEYNE Nutt. Pl. 1927 613 CAIUS J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 41 1939 369 QUISUM-BING Med. Pl Philip. 1951 284 ; BURKILL Dict. ed. 2 2 1966 1833 .
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food gene source leaf vegetable medicinal ornamental weed
Edible leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (leaf), Erysipelas (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Abdomen (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tumor(Foot) (unspecified), Alopecia (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Tumor(Feet) (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Skin diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Fresh seeds need light to germinate. It can be grown from segments.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 29
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Portulaca quadrifida leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Portulaca quadrifida leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Portulaca quadrifida leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Portulaca quadrifida flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Portulaca quadrifida flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Portulaca quadrifida flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Portulaca quadrifida world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Barbados, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Grenada, Guam, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Mayotte, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Viet Nam, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:699334-1
WFO ID wfo-0000489351
COL ID 787LK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630475
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Meridiana quadrifida Meridiana elliptica Portulaca walteriana Portulaca microphylla Portulaca formosana Portulaca meridiana Portulaca quadrifida var. formosana Portulaca quadrifida