Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Pseudospondias

Characteristics

A spreading tree 10–40 m. high; bole usually short, 3–18 m. high and up to 2 m. in diameter, twisted, strongly buttressed; bark greyish-yellow, falling off in large flakes.. Leaves 5–17-foliolate; rachis 10–50 cm. long, striate, glabrous, rarely pubescent, subcylindric to dorsally convex towards the base; petiolules 3–10 mm. long, grooved, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets opposite or alternate, oblong-ovate to elliptic, 5–20 cm. long, 3–8 cm. broad, the basal ones smaller, acuminate at the apex, very asymmetric at the base (the terminal one symmetrically cuneate at the base), margin entire, papyraceous to coriaceous, glabrous or rarely with the midrib pubescent beneath, discolorous, sometimes shining; midrib prominent beneath; lateral nerves and venation slightly raised beneath.. Panicles 10–32(–40) cm. long, the axis and branches dull brownish red, puberulous.. Male flowers: sepals 4(–5), ovate, 0.8–1 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous; petals 4(–5), elliptic, 1.5–2.2 mm. long, 1–1.3 mm. broad, whitish; stamens 8(–10); filaments very short; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm. long.. Female flowers: ovary 4(–5)-locular, globose; styles 4.. Drupe broadly ellipsoid when fresh, 1.5–2.5 cm. long, 1–1.8 cm. broad, blue black when ripe; stone oblong-ovoid to obovoid, 4(–5)-gonal, 4(–5)-locular (usually only 1 locule fertile), with 3–4(–5) opercules near the apex.. Seeds oblong, 10–15 mm. long, 2–4 mm. broad.. Fig. 12.
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A large spreading tree. It grows 10-14 m tall. It can be 35 m tall. The trunk is short and can be 2 m across. It has buttresses. The trunk is irregular and twisted with branches near the base. The bark is smooth and thin when young. It becomes yellow-grey and rough when old. It flakes off in large pieces. The leaves have an odd number of leaflets along the stalk. The stalk can be 30 cm long. There are 2-8 pairs of leaflets plus one extra. Each leaflet is stalked. The leaflets are rather stiff and oval. They are 5-20 cm long. The base of the leaflets is unequal. The tip is pointed. The leaflets are darker above than below. The flowers are in loose heads. These are 10-32 cm long. They occur beside the leaves. The flower stalks are dull red brown. The flowers are very small and white. The fruit is a soft fruit with a kernel in a stone. The flesh is edible. The fruit are blue-black and 2.5 cm across. The stone is four sided and contains seeds.
Leaves 5–17-foliolate; petiole and rhachis 10–50 cm. long, striate, glabrous, rarely pubescent; petiole dorsally convex, flat above; rhachis subcylindric; leaflets opposite or alternate, discolorous, sometimes shining, 5–20 × 3–8 cm., oblong-ovate to elliptic, the basal ones smaller, acuminate, the acumen obtuse, the terminal one symmetrically cuneate at the base, the others very asymmetric, entire, papyraceous to coriaceous, glabrous or rarely with the midrib pubescent below; petiolules 0·3–1 cm. long, grooved, glabrous or pubescent; midrib prominent mainly beneath, lateral nerves and venation scarcely raised on the upper surface, slightly prominent below.
A tall shrub with the main stems stout and spreading, or more often a tree up to 35 m. high; bole usually short, 3–18 m. tall and up to 2 m. in diam., twisted, strongly buttressed; bark greyish-yellow, falling off in large flakes.
Drupe blue-black when ripe, 1·5–2·5 × 1–1·8 cm., broadly ellipsoid when fresh; stone oblong-ovoid to obovoid, 4(5)-gonal, 4(5)-locular (usually only 1 loculus fertile), with 4(5) opercules near the apex.
Male flowers: sepals 4(5), 0·8–1 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, glabrous; petals whitish, 1·5–2·2 × 1–1·25 mm., elliptic; stamens 8(10), with very short filaments and 0·3–0·5 mm. long anthers.
Panicles up to as long as the leaves or longer, with the axis and branches dull-brownish-red, puberulous.
Female flowers: ovary globose, 4(5)-locular; styles 4.
Seed 10–15 × 2–4 mm., oblong.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 27.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands. It occurs on lake shores and rain-forest edges and in swampy areas in tropical forests. It is common in Africa. In Tanzania it grows between 900-1,700 m above sea level. It grows in areas with a rainfall between 1,200-2,100 mm.
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Riverine forest. Deciduous fringing and secondary forests of the guinean zone, in damp sites and often on stream-banks. Lake shores, rainforest edges, riverine and in swamp forests at elevations from 900-1,700 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit is eaten raw.
Uses environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Dysentery (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed should have a small cut made in the hard layer or should be soaked in cold water for 12 hours before planting. The seed can be stored for 5 months after drying the whole fruit. It can be topped or pruned.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Pseudospondias microcarpa habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Pseudospondias microcarpa leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pseudospondias microcarpa flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pseudospondias microcarpa world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Mayotte, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70341-1
WFO ID wfo-0000393818
COL ID 4PBZF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807486
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pseudospondias microcarpa Spondias angolensis Sorindeia obliquifoliolata Spondias zanzee Pseudospondias microcarpa var. microcarpa Spondias microcarpa