Psophocarpus scandens (Endl.) Verdc.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Psophocarpus

Characteristics

Perennial climbing herb 1–6 m. long, blackening on drying.. Stems glabrous or sparsely pubescent.. Leaflets 3, rhomboid-ovate to oblate, 2·5–12 cm. long, 1·8–10 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, rarely 3-lobed, glabrous or glabrescent on both surfaces but the margins often ciliate; petiole 5–18 cm. long; rhachis 0·8–5 cm. long; petiolules 3–6 mm. long; stipules oblong-lanceolate, persistent, spurred, together with the spur 0·8–1·7 cm. long.. Inflorescences: rhachis 5–12 ecm long, pubescent; peduncles 3–40 cm. long; pedicels 2–6 mm. long, pubesent; bracts ± deciduous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 5–11 mm. long, 2–4 mm. wide; bracteoles persistent, ovate-oblong or elliptic, 1–1·4 cm. long, 5–7 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent, veined.. Calyx glabrous or puberulous; tube 5–7 mm. long; lower lip with median triangular lobe 2·5–3·5 mm. long, and 2 lateral very broadly deltoid lobes 1·5 mm. long; 2 upper lobes joined to form a low emarginate lip.. Standard pale blue or mauve (? occasionally reddish-yellow), obovate-oblong, 1·5–2·1 cm. long, 1·2–1·5 cm. wide, emarginate.. Pods oblong, square in cross-section, 3·5–8 cm. long, 6–7 mm. wide, 4–8-seeded, prominently winged, the wings 2·5–6·5 mm. wide, slightly toothed, often striate, sometimes puberulous along the margins, otherwise the fruit is glabrous.. Seeds blackish-purple, oblong or sub cylindrical, longest dimension (5–)6–7·5 mm., shorter dimensions (3·5–)5–6 mm., with minute orange granular easily removable tomentum or some brown silky hairs on the edges.
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A climbing herb. It continues to grow from year to year. It has long stems which can be slightly hairy. The stems can be 1-6 m long. The leaflets are oval or broadly rounded. They are 2.5-12 cm long and 1.8-10 cm wide. They can taper to a point at the tip. They are rounded or wedge shaped at the base. The leaf stalks are 5-18 cm long. The flower cluster is 5-12 cm long. The flower stalk is 3-40 cm long. The flower petals are pale blue. The fruit are long pods 3.5-8 cm long by 6-7 mm wide. They are square in cross section. There are 4-8 seeds inside. The pods have prominent wings which can have slight teeth along the edge. The seeds are blackish purple. They are 5-7.5 mm long and 3.5-6 mm wide.
Inflorescence an axillary pseudoraceme; peduncle 6–33 cm long; rhachis 4–10.5 cm long; pedicels 2–5 mm long; bracts 6–12 × 2–5 mm, elliptic, caducous; bracteoles 9–14 × 4–7 mm, as long as or longer than the calyx, ovate or elliptic, finely pubescent or glabrous.
Leaflets 2.4–9.5 × 1.8–8.8 cm, broadly rhombic to oblate, acuminate, somewhat lobed, glabrous or becoming so; petiole 3–14 cm long; stipules appendaged below the point of insertion, 8–15 mm long overall; stipels 2–4 mm long, narrowly oblong.
Corolla glabrous, pale blue to mauve, standard greenish outside; standard 1.6–2.4 × 1.2–1.5 cm, obovate, apex obcordate, base auriculate; wings 17–23 × 5–10 mm, narrowly obovate, with basal appendages to 6 mm long; keel 15–21 × 4–8 mm.
Calyx glabrous or puberulous; tube 3–5 mm long; upper lobes 4–5 mm long, fused for almost all their length; lower lobes triangular, lateral lobes 4–6 mm long, acuminate, lower middle lobe 4–5 mm long.
Ovary 11–14 mm long, narrowly cylindrical, slightly broader apically, glabrous; stigma terminal or internal, penicillate.
Seeds brown-black, 5–7 × 4–6 × 2–3 mm; hilum black, 2–4 mm long, longitudinally bisecting elliptic, pale aril.
Pod black, 3.2–7 cm × 5–7 mm, oblong, with 4 striate wings 2–5 mm wide, 4–8-seeded.
Perennial climbing herb to 6 m high, often turning black on drying.
Stems glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
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Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is a short day plant. In Africa it grows between sea level and 950 m altitude. It grows in areas with a rainfall of 1,200-1,800 mm per year. The average temperature is 25°C.
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Prefers swampy localities, periodically flooded forest and river banks, but occurs also in drier localities such as grassland, thickets and fallow land.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young leaves and shoots are eaten as a vegetable. They can be dried and stored. The immature pods and ripe seeds are also cooked and eaten.
Uses animal food cover plant environmental use food forage manure medicinal soil improve
Edible fruits leaves pods roots seeds tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed can be stored. Seeds need to have the hard seed coat broken by scratching before planting. Plants can be allowed to climb over fences or shrubs.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Psophocarpus scandens world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Brazil, Barbados, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Comoros, Egypt, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Mayotte, Nigeria, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:515969-1
WFO ID wfo-0000183752
COL ID 4PLCQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807488
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Mucuna comorensis Psophocarpus comorensis Psophocarpus longepedunculatus Psophocarpus scandens Psophocarpus golungensis Dolichos suffultus Psophocarpus mabala Diesingia scandens Stizolobium comorense Dolichos subaequalis Psophocarpus longipedunculatus Psophocarpus longepedunculatus var. barteri