Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Pterolobium

Characteristics

Scrambling or climbing shrub up to 15 m high, seldom semi-erect. Stems ± densely pubescent at least when young, armed with reflexed prickles up to 6 mm long, in pairs at the nodes and often with scattered ones between the nodes. Leaves ± densely puberulous when young, sometimes becoming glabrescent with age: petiole 1.5-3.6 cm long; rhachis 5-15(18) cm long (in our area), armed on the lower side with paired reflexed prickles at the insertions of the pinnae and occasionally with single prickles in between the pinnae, and on the upper side often with straight ascending prickles singly at the insertions of the pinnae; pinnae 5-13 pairs; rhachillae 2-6 cm long; leaflets 7-15 pairs per pinna, (4)6-10(12) mm long, 2-4 mm wide, narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, with the terminal ones ± obovate, rounded to slightly emarginate apically, lower surface puberulous to pubescent or glabrous, upper surface glabrous or sometimes puberulous. Racemes 5-18 cm long, terminal and axillary, aggregated into panicles up to 35 cm long, puberulous to shortly pubescent; bracts subulate, rapidly deciduous. Flowers sweetly scented, pale yellowish-white, on pubescent pedicels 3-6 mm long. Sepals 2-3 mm long, 0.75-1.4 mm wide, greenish, pubescent basally at least, Scrambling or climbing shrub up to 15 m high, seldom semi-erect. Stems-± densely pubescent at least when young, armed with reflexed prickles up to 6 mm long, in pairs at the nodes and often with scattered ones between the nodes. Leaves ± densely puberulous when young, sometimes becoming glabrescent with age: petiole 1.5-3.6 cm long; rhachis 5-15(18) cm long (in our area), armed on the lower side with paired reflexed prickles at the insertions of the pinnae and occasionally with single prickles in between the pinnae, and on the upper side often with straight ascending prickles singly at the insertions of the pinnae; pinnae 5-13 pairs; rhachillae 2-6 cm long; leaflets 7-15 pairs per pinna, (4)6-10(12) mm long, 2-4 mm wide, narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, with the terminal ones ± obovate, rounded to slightly emarginate apically, lower surface puberulous to pubescent or glabrous, upper surface glabrous or sometimes puberulous. Racemes 5-18 cm long, terminal and axillary, aggregated into panicles up to 35 cm long, puberulous to shortly pubescent; bracts subulate, rapidly deciduous. Flowers sweetly scented, pale yellowish-white, on pubescent pedicels 3-6 mm long. Sepals 2-3 mm long, 0.75-1.4 mm wide, greenish, pubescent basally at least, usually ± reflexed in flower. Petals ± the same size as the sepals, oblanceolate-oblong. Stamens all exserted, 4-6 mm long. Ovary densely pubescent. Pods red to scarlet when young but becoming brown with age, 3-5 cm long (including the wing), wing 0.9-1.6 cm wide, pubescent, puberulous or at maturity ± glabrescent. Seeds olive, 9-11 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide, ellipsoid.
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Scrambling or climbing, rarely semi-erect shrub 2–15 m. high.. Stems ± puberulous, at least when young, armed with reflexed prickles paired at nodes and often also with scattered ones between the nodes.. Leaves: petiole with rhachis 6–16(–25) cm. long, the latter armed with mostly paired reflexed prickles, straight ascending ones also being often present on the upper side of the rhachis at the insertions of pinnae; pinnae 5–13 pairs; leaflets 7–15(–16, fide F.C.B.) pairs, narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, with the terminal ones ± obovate, 4–12 mm. long, 2–4.5(–5) mm. wide, rounded to emarginate at apex, ± puberulous or pubescent to almost glabrous.. Racemes 5–13(–18) cm. long, puberulous or shortly pubescent, aggregated into panicles up to ± 35 cm. long and 22 cm. wide.. Pedicels 3–5(–6) mm. long.. Flowers sweetly scented, pale creamy-yellow except for the pale green calyx.. Sepals ± 2–3 mm. long.. Petals oblanceolate-oblong, ± 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, pubescent towards base.. Stamen-filaments 4–5 mm. long.. Ovary pubescent.. Pods brick-red to scarlet, ultimately brown, 3–6 cm. long, thinly pubescent or puberulous to glabrous; wing 2.3–4.5 cm. long, 0.9–1.6 cm. wide at widest point.. Seeds ovoid-ellipsoid, ± 11 mm. long, 6.5 mm. wide, olive.. Fig. 7, p. 41.
Leaves: petiole and rachis together 5–17(25) cm long, armed on the lower side with downwardly hooked prickles in pairs at the insertions of the pinnae and occasionally singly between the pinnae, and on the upper side usually also with straight, erect or forwardly pointed prickles singly at the insertions of the pinnae; pinnae (5)7–13 pairs; pinna rachis (1.5)2.5–5(6) cm; leaflets 7–16 pairs per pinna, (4)6–10(12) × 2–3.5(5 in F.T.E.A.), oblong, rounded to slightly emarginate at the apex; lower surface pubescent, upper surface glabrous or sometimes pubescent.
A scrambling shrub. It can grow 15 m high. The young stems are covered hairs and with prickles. The leaves are compound. The leaflets are 6-10 mm long and 2-4 mm wide with 7-16 pairs of leaflets per leaflet stalk. The fruit is a pod with wings. It is bright red. The pods are 3-5 cm long. The seed is at the base and is 10 mm long by 5-7 mm wide and 3 mm thick.
Stems densely puberulous when young, and armed with downwardly hooked prickles up to 6 mm long in pairs at the insertions of the leaves and occasionally singly elsewhere, the prickles on older stems becoming raised on corky bosses as in Mezoneuron angolense (in photograph of Wild s.n. from Zimbabwe in SRGH).
Pods (including the wing) 3–5(6) cm long, the wing up to 1.7 cm broad, the seed-containing basal part up to 2 × 1 cm, pubescent or at maturity glabrescent, a striking scarlet or wine-red while maturing, ultimately brown; seed 9–11 × 5–6.5 × 3.4 mm, ellipsoid.
Scrambling or climbing shrub, up to 15 m high, armed with prickles. Racemes 50-180 mm long, terminal and axillary, aggregated into panicles up to 350 mm long, puberulous to shortly pubescent. Pods samaroid. Flowers pale yellowish white.
Flowers sweetly scented, small, in dense terminal and lateral racemes up to 18 cm long, aggregated into pseudopanicles up to 35 cm long; bracts subulate, falling very early; pedicels 3–5(6) mm.
Stamens all exserted, the longer ones almost twice as long as the petals; anthers c.0.5 mm long.
Petals about equalling the sepals, erect, oblanceolate-oblong, glabrous, cream coloured.
Sepals 2–3 × 0.75–1.4 mm, usually ± reflexed in flower, pubescent, greenish.
A scrambling or climbing shrub up to 20 m high.
Ovary densely pubescent.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry evergreen forest; evergreen bushland; riverine forest; deciduous woodland; sometimes on termite-mounds in grassland; forest regrowth with Syzygium; rain-forest with Albizia, Macaranga, Croton, Ocotea, climber at forest edge.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows on the edge of the forest. It grows up to 1,750 m altitude. In Zimbabwe it is between 850-1,750 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food dye environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Pterolobium stellatum habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Pterolobium stellatum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Pterolobium stellatum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pterolobium stellatum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Pterolobium stellatum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Pterolobium stellatum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Pterolobium stellatum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pterolobium stellatum world distribution map, present in Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:516643-1
WFO ID wfo-0000170624
COL ID 6WKN9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pterolobium stellatum Quartinia abyssinica Caesalpinia ligulata Pterolobium abyssinicum Pterolobium brucei Acacia stellata Mimosa kantuffa Cantuffa stellata Mimosa stellata Cantuffa exosa Reichardia decapetala Fillaea brucei Pterolobium exosum