Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers

Leaves with glabrous to tomentellous petioles, 1-6 cm, sometimes markedly swollen and geniculate at apex; lamina narrowly to broadly elliptic, oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, apex acuminate, base rounded, obtuse or acute, 10-32 by 3.5-14 cm, main lateral nerves 6-9 pairs, venation often prominent on both surfaces, glabrous apart from midrib on lower surface which is sometimes puberulous, especially near the base. Male inflorescences axillary or ramiflorous, cymose, few to several clustered together, 1-3 cm long, puberulous. Male flowers sessile or on puberulous pedicels up to 3 mm; sepals pale green to white or yellow, outer sepals 2-4, minute, often puberulous; inner sepals 4-6, ± rotund, concave, 1.5-2.25 mm long, glabrous; petals 3-6, ± broadly obovate 0.75-1.5 mm long; stamens 6-18 in a cluster c. 0.75 mm long. Female inflorescences similar to male but less branched, or un-branched (i.e. 1-flowered peduncles). Female flowers (from RSNB 4436, Mt Kinabalu) on puberulous pedicels up to 15 mm long; outer sepals 3, broadly triangular, 1 mm long; inner sepals 4, ± broadly elliptic, rather thick, 2.5-3.5 mm long; petals 3, broadly obovate, thin, 2 mm long; carpels 3-4, subellipsoidal, 1 mm long, stigma recurved. (One immature female flower of JAHERI 1679 had 6 inner sepals, 2 petals and 4 carpels.) Infructescence when axillary usually fasciculate and peduncles unbranched, peduncles rather thick, 1-3 cm; when ramiflorous then branched and up to 7 cm. Drupes yellow to red, globose to broadly subellipsoidal, 1.5-3 cm long, glabrous; endocarp crustaceous, finely wrinkled.

Forests and thickets, up to 400 m, around Mt Kinabalu in N. Borneo at 1200-2000 m. The sub-stratum in N. Borneo was defined as loam, sandstone and limestone. In Sarawak in peat-swamp forest. In Halmahera in disturbed primary forest on dry hill-side with loose porous clayey soil. In N. Moluccas (Obi I.) on transition between coral sand beach and red porous nickel soil. Fl. Jan.-Sept., Dec; fr. Jan.-Dec.