Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt.

Pyrrhobryum moss (en)

Species

Bryophytes > Rhizogoniales > Rhizogoniaceae > Pyrrhobryum

Characteristics

Plants medium-sized, caespitose, dark green to yellow-green; terricolous, saxicolous or corticolous. Stems 10-50 mm long; generally simple, radiculose at base, lower stem forming a short, naked, dark brown stipe, when young with distant scale leaves; in section angular, central strand large, inner cortical cells in 6-8 rows, incrassate, outer cortical cells in 2-3 rows, strongly thickened, reddish. Leaves crisped dry, spreading wet; linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, (3-)5-8 mm long; apex acuminate; margins plane, doubly toothed by clear, sharp teeth above base, bistratose below, multistratose above, in section forming knob, 3-4 cells in diameter. Costa percurrent, ventral surface smooth, cells quadrate to short-rectangular, dorsal surface with distant spines, cells short-rectangular to quadrate; in proximal section elliptical, guide cells small, 6-8, incrassate, ventral stereid band strong, 3-4 cells thick, dorsal stereid band 2-3 cells thick, ventral and dorsal surface cells slightly larger, incrassate; in distal section subtriangular, guide cells 4-6, incrassate, ventral stereid band 2-3 cells thick, dorsal stereid band 2-3 cells thick, ventral and dorsal surface cells slightly larger, incrassate. Laminal cells somewhat variable in size and shape, rounded, quadrate to subhexagonal, mostly 1(-2): 1, thickened, smooth; basal cells quadrate. Synoicous. Paraphyses numerous, filiform. Perichaetia on short lateral branch at base of vegetative shoot; leaves obovate to elliptical, abruptly constricted to short subula, 1.5-2.0 mm long, margins serrate in subula, cells fusiform, mostly 10:1, incrassate. Seta erect to curved, 10-50 mm long, reddish yellow; capsule inclined to horizontal, clavate-arcuate, to 3 mm long, reddish yellow, gradually narrowing to a short neck, exothecial cells short-rectangular, somewhat shorter at mouth, reddish; stomata present on neck, phaneropore; annulus present; peristome double, yellowish, exostome teeth triangular, 0.6-0.7 mm long, with weak median zig-zag line, striate below, coarsely papillose above, endostome fragile, light yellow, weakly papillose, basal membrane high, segments as high as teeth, slit along keel, cilia shorter, 1 or 2; operculum obliquely rostrate, beak to 1.5 mm long; calyptra not seen; spores round, 20-25 µm, green, spiculate.
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Plants often appearing feathery, dark green and glossy, or occasionally yellowish or brown with age. Stems to 6+ cm, occasionally branched, often grooved proximally; rhizoids dark rust red, papillose. Leaves (5-)6-8 × 0.4-0.8 mm; apex often ending in one double tooth; laminal cells uniformly subquadrate to short-rectangular, (7-) 10-14 µm; marginal basal cells quadrate to rectangular, 14-30 × 10 µm. Seta pale yellowish orange or stramineous, 4-6 cm. Capsule (1.5-)2-3 mm, neck short; operculum1.5-2 mm; exostome teeth reddish orange basally, pale yellow or hyaline distally; endostome segments pale yellow or hyaline, lightly papillose. Calyptra 3.5 mm. Spores 16-18 µm.
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Soil texture 7-8
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

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Distribution

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme world distribution map, present in Brazil and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID 35144439
WFO ID wfo-0001171968
COL ID 4QVLW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 656882
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme Rhizogonium boninense Hypnum spiniforme Rhizogonium pervilleanum

Lower taxons

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme var. samoense