Raphionacme galpinii Schltr.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Raphionacme

Characteristics

Erect, single to few-stemmed herb up to 1 m high. Tuber up to 0.5 m diameter, conical to spherical. Aerial stems up to 1 m long, 1-8 mm diameter, densely velutinous, pubescent, puberulous or glabrous, branching lateral. Leaves ascending, petiolate; petiole 3-15 mm long; blade 40-160 x 5-30 mm, broadly to narrowly ovate, broadly to narrowly obovate, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or linear, dark olive green above, pale green below, indumentum as on stem, often more hairy beneath than above, secondary veins arching, seldom divaricate, 7-12 to a side, apex obtuse, acute or acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or sub-terminal, many-flowered, globose pseudoraceme of monochasiums; indumentum as on stems, peduncles 5-20 mm long, pedicels 2-6 mm long; bracts 2-10 mm long, subulate. Sepals 2-5 x 1-2 mm, subulate, pubescent outside, apex attenuate. Corolla pubescent outside; tube 3-5 mm long, campanulate, green; lobes 3-5 x 2-3 mm, narrowly ovate to ovate, spreading, inside green or green with base brown to brownish-green, apex obtuse. Corona green, greenish-maroon or greenish-violet, coronal feet free, lobes tri-segmented; central segment 4-5 mm long, filiform; lateral segments 2-3 mm long, filiform, subulate or triangular. Stamens from inner base of coronal feet; filaments 1-2 mm long, filiform; anthers 1-2 mm long, ovate to narrowly ovate, full length slits, apex acute. Ovaries 1-2 mm long; style 1-2 mm long, terete; style-head 12 mm long, ovoid; translators ±1.2 mm long, spoon elliptic. Gynostegium in corolla mouth. Follicles 1 or 2, erect, 50-220 x 4-10 mm, cylindrical-ovoid to narrowly ovoid, pubescent to glabrous. Seeds 5-6 x 2 mm, oblong-ovate; coma 13-15 mm long.
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Perennial herb, ± 600 mm in diameter, with large tuberous root. Stems single to few, erect, up to 1 m high; densely pubescent to sparsely puberulent, rarely glabrous. Leaves petiolate; blade broadly to narrowly ovate to obovate, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or linear, 25-160 x 5-30 mm, dark olive-green above, paler below, densely pubescent to sparsely puberulent, veins conspicuous; petioles 3-15 mm long. Flowers: corona lobes trifid, central segment 4-5 mm long, lateral segments subulate, 2-3 mm long, green, greenish maroon or greenish violet; sepals with lobes 3-5 mm long, subulate, acute, longer than corolla tube; corolla pubescent outside, on inside at base brownish green, maroon-green or violet-green fading to green towards tips; Aug.-Jan. Fruit a follicle.
Geophytic herb, 50-250 mm long; tuber conical; stem single, erect. Leaves 3-7 pairs per stem, ± erect, narrowly obovate or ovate, 25-75 x 7-20 mm; glabrescent, pubescent or almost velutinous, flat (= R. elata) or midrib folded, base cuneate, apex acute. Inflorescences mostly terminal, many-flowered, in tight subglose clusters; peduncles 4.5-20.0 mm long. Flowers campanulate, greenish brown inside; tube 2.0-4.5 mm long; lobes ovate, 4-6 x 1.5-3.0 mm. Corona greenish maroon; lobes tripartite, central lobe filiform 4-5 mm long, lateral segments dentate, 1-2 mm long. Flowering time (Sept.)Oct.-Dec. Follicles 1 or 2, erect, narrowly fusiform, 50-220 x 4-10 mm.
A herb that keeps growing from year to year. It spreads 60 cm across. The stems can be a 1 m tall. It has a large tuberous root 50 cm across. The leaves vary from narrow to broad. They are 2.5-16 cm long by 5-30 mm wide. They are more pale green underneath and can be hairy.
Erect herb with large underground tuber, up to 0.6 m high, densely pubescent to sparsely puberulent on stems and leaves. Sepals 4-5 mm long, subulate, acute, longer than corolla tube. Corona lobes trifid. Flowers green, purple at base.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible fruits leaves roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Raphionacme galpinii unspecified picture

Distribution

Raphionacme galpinii world distribution map, present in Mozambique, eSwatini, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:100789-1
WFO ID wfo-0000402149
COL ID 4RKKN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Raphionacme macrorrhiza Raphionacme galpinii Raphionacme elata