Raphionacme hirsuta (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Raphionacme

Characteristics

Spreading herb of up to 0.3 m tall. Tuber 0.15-0.2 m long, 70-150 mm diameter, spindle-shaped to sub-spherical. Aerial stems few to many, up to 0.4 m long, 2-5 mm diameter, pubescent, dichotomously branched. Leaves spreading, petiolate; petiole 2-5 mm long, with axiliary colleters; blade 10-50 x 5-40 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, elliptic to broadly elliptic, obovate to broadly obovate, sub-circular, green with margin often reddish, glabrous to densely hirsute below and above, secondary veins divaricate to patent or rarely arching and 6-10(-16) to a side, apex acute, cuspidate or obtuse-mucronate, base cuneate to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or/and axillary, branched, numerously and densely flowered, sparsely hirsute to glabrous, peduncles 2-40 mm long, pedicels 3-10 mm long; bracts 2-3 mm long, ovate to subulate. Sepals 2-5 x 1 mm, subulate, apex acuminate, green to purplish-green, sparsely to densely hirsute outside. Corolla pink, maroon, mauve or violet, sparsely hirsute outside; tube 3-5 mm long, campanulate; lobes 5-8 x 2-3 mm, ovate to narrowly ovate, spreading, apex obtuse. Corona white to violet; coronal feet free; lobes 4-6 mm long, narrowly obovate, ovate or obtriangular, apex frilled or tri-segmented with central segment a single or bifid subulate tooth; lateral segments broad and one or more toothed. Stamens from inner base of coronal feet; filaments 1-2 mm long, filiform; anthers 2-3 mm long, ovate, white with pink or mauve connectives, full length slits, apices attenuate. Ovaries 1-2 mm long; style terete, 2 mm long; style-head ovoid, 1-2 mm long, apex acute; translators 0.8-1.5 mm long, spoon ovate. Gynostegium in corolla mouth. Follicles solitary or paired, erect to spreading, 45-110 x 6-8 mm, narrowly ovoid, pubescent, apex attenuate. Seeds 7-8 x 3 mm, obliquely ovate, ridged, smooth, coma 10-15 mm long, white.
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Geophytic herb, 10-300 mm high; tuber fusiform; stems sympodial (forking). Leaves spreading, variable in shape, lanceolate to subrotund, 12-50 x 6-25 mm, lucid green, margins maroon, glabrous to hirsute, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acuminate to apiculate. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, lax, cymose, 5-many-flowered; peduncles 2-25 (-40) mm long. Flowers campanulate, purple-pink; tube (2-)3-5 mm long, lobes rotate, apex recurved, ovate to oblong, 4-9 x 1.5-3.5 mm. Corona mauve-purple, ligulate, connivent, apex frilly, bifid/trifid, 4.5 x 2 mm. Flowering time Aug.-Dec. Follicles 1 or 2, erect or divergent, narrowly fusiform 45-75 x 6-8 mm.
Perennial herb, up to 400 mm high, with large tuberous root, glabrous or pubescent with short spreading hairs. Stems dichotomously branched. Leaves with blade oblong-ovate, broadly elliptic, circular or obovate, 10-50 x 7-26 mm, dark green; petioles 1-6 mm long. Flowers: sepals 2-3 mm long, narrowly ovate, as long as or longer than corolla tube; corona lobes variable, entire or toothed; corolla purple to pink; Jul.-Jan. Fruit a follicle.
A herb. It forms a large, flattened round tuber. Several short forked shoots develop from this. These are less than 15 cm long. They have a few pairs of leaves that have short stalks. The leaf blades are 5 cm long by 2 cm wide. The midrib is easy to see. The flowers are low down on the branches. They are purple and slightly hairy.
Herb with large tuberous root, 50-400 mm tall, glabrous or pubescent with short spreading hairs. Stems dichotomously branched. Sepals 2-3 mm long, lanceolate, as long as or longer than corolla tube. Corona lobes variable, entire or toothed. Flowers purple to pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. In Swaziland it grows only in the highveld.
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Grassland, in freely draining soils, at elevations up to 1,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The underground tuber is mixed with sugar and brewed to make beer. Caution: It may be poisonous.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible fruits roots tubers
Therapeutic use Beer (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Raphionacme hirsuta unspecified picture

Distribution

Raphionacme hirsuta world distribution map, present in Botswana, India, Lesotho, Mozambique, eSwatini, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:100793-1
WFO ID wfo-0000402164
COL ID 7956W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Raphionacme divaricata Raphionacme hirsuta Mafekingia parquetiana Raphionacme obovata Raphionacme pubescens Apoxyanthera pubescens Raphionacme purpurea Raphionacme divaricata var. glabra Raphionacme hirsuta var. glabra Brachystelma hirsutum