Raphionacme velutina Schltr.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Raphionacme

Characteristics

Spreading, many-stemmed herb of up to 0.2 m high. Tuber up to 0.25(-0.45) x 0.20 m, spindle-shaped. Aerial stems up to 0.4 m long, 2-5 mm diameter, velutinous in younger stems, sparsely velutinous in older, purplish, branching lateral. Leaves spreading, sessile or petiolate; petiole up to 5 mm long, above with reddish colleters; blade folded lengthwise, (10-)30-50(-70) x 2-20 mm, very narrowly ovate, narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, ovate, elliptic or obovate or sub-orbicular; above glabrous, densely dotted, midvein glabrous or sparsely puberulous; beneath densely velutinous, midvein purplish, secondary veins arching and 5-10 to a side, apex acute or sometimes obtuse-mucronate, base cuneate. Inflorescences axillary, numerous along stem, compact pseudo-heads of ±10 flowers, densely velutinous, peduncles 1-3 mm long, pedicels 1-2 mm long; bracts 1-2 mm long, subulate. Sepals 2 x 0.5 mm, subulate to very narrowly triangular, velutinous, apex attenuate. Corolla velutinous outside; tube 2-3 mm long, campanulate; lobes spreading, 3-4 x 2 mm, oblong-ovate to ovate, chrome-yellow to yellow-green to green with base purplish, apex obtuse. Coronal feet fleshy, tri-segmented, free; central segment 2-3 mm long, filiform, papillose or glabrous, sparsely pubescent at base, purple, apex attenuate; lateral segments 1-2 mm long, subulate, whitish, yellowish or greenish. Stamens from inner face of coronal feet; anthers sub-sessile, 2-4 mm long, narrowly ovate, white with connective purple, full length slits, apex mucronate. Ovaries 1 mm long, style 1-2 mm long, terete, style-head ±0.75 mm long, narrowly ovoid, apex obtuse; translators ±0.7 mm long, spoon elliptic. Gynostegium in corolla mouth. Follicles solitary, 50-90 x 5 mm, very narrowly obovoid, apex tapering, curved. Seeds 10 x 1-1 mm, obliquely oblong-ovate, brown. It flowers during late spring to early summer, peaking in November.
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Perennial herb, 70-200 mm high, with large underground tuber. Leaves with blade linear, 20-45 x 5-9 mm, V-shaped in cross-section, puberulous below, glabrous or scabrous-hirsute on upper surface, green-grey, lower surface a darker green; petioles 2-6 mm long. Flowers: sepals twice or more longer than broad, narrow, very acute, shorter than corolla tube or rarely equalling it; corona lobes deeply trifid; corolla green; Sep.-Mar. Fruit a follicle.
A herb that keeps growing from year to year. It grows 20 cm tall. It forms a thick tuber 10-20 cm below the ground. The tuber can be 25 cm across. The plant secretes a white latex when damaged. The leaves are greyish-green and opposite. They are small and sword shaped. The flowers are green. They in clusters in the axils of leaves near the ends of branches. The flowers are star shaped. The fruit are narrowly oval and 5-9 cm long by 4-6 mm wide.
Herb with large underground tuber, up to 200 mm tall. Leaves puberulous below, glabrous or scabrous-hirsute above. Sepals twice or more times as long as broad, narrow, very acute, shorter than corolla tube or rarely equalling it. Corona lobes deeply trifid. Flowers green.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.15
Mature height (meter) 0.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in hot arid places with a marked dry season. The dry season can be 6-11 months. In Southern Africa it grows between 800-1,600 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
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Found at elevations from 800-1,600 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The tuber is used as a source of water. The top is cut off and the flesh mashed with a stick then the water squeezed out and drunk. The flesh can be eaten but it tends to dry out the mouth. It is eaten raw and used in cooked vegetable dishes.
Uses food gene source material medicinal poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Raphionacme velutina world distribution map, present in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:100817-1
WFO ID wfo-0000402277
COL ID 4RKLS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Brachystelma viridiflorum Raphionacme velutina Raphionacme burkei Raphionacme dinteri