Rauvolfia sumatrana Jack

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Rauvolfia

Characteristics

Tree (2.5-)5-20(-27) m high. Branches rather densely lenticellate; branchlets glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4; petiole 0.6-5 cm long, glabrous; blade coriaceous, elliptic to obovate, 7-28 by 2-9.3 cm, 1.5-4.8(-6) times as long as wide, apex acuminate to rounded or emarginate, base cuneate to decurrent, glabrous above and beneath; secondary veins 9-32 pairs, 0.15-1(-1.5) cm spaced, straight or slightly arcuate-ascending, forming an angle of 45-90° with the midrib, forming a submarginal vein. Inflorescence (2.5-)5-21.5(-27) cm long, in whorls of 3-5(-6), 26-more than 35-flowered; peduncle 1.8-14 by 0.2-0.25 cm; pedicels 0.1-1.2 cm long, glabrous. Sepals 1-2 by 1.4-2 mm, 0.5-1.3 times as long as wide, apex obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, glabrous. Corolla white, glabrous outside, villose in a belt of 1.5-2 mm wide just at the mouth, and gradually turning sparsely so downwards, 3.5-5 mm long in the mature bud and forming a broadly ovoid to subglobose head of 1-2.2 by 1.3-2 mm, usually indistinct from the tube; tube 3.4-4.9 mm long, 2.4-3.4 times as long as calyx, 1.95-3.3 times as long as lobes; lobes obliquely and broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1.3-2.1 by 1.3-2.1 mm, 0.7-1 times as long as wide, rounded, rarely retuse. Stamens inserted at 2.5-4.5 mm from base, 0.7-0.9 of the length of the corolla tube; filaments 0.5-0.8 mm long; anthers 0.9-1.5 by 0.25-0.7 mm, 1.6-4 times as long as wide. Disk cup-shaped, 1-1.8 by 0.7-1.4 mm, or 0.6-0.9 times as long as ovary, crenate. Pistil glabrous; ovary ovoid, syncarpous, 1-1.75 mm long; style 1.2-2.5 mm long; style head 0.6-1 mm long. Fruit bluish black or purplish black when mature, syncarpous, variable in shape, globose, rounded, sometimes truncate, retuse or slightly cleft at apex, rarely ovoid or ellipsoid, 6.5-21 by 7-18 mm, 0.9-1.8 times as long as wide, connate for 6-11.7 mm, 0.9-1 of its length, distance between apices 2-3 mm, glabrous. Seeds 1 in each endocarp, ovoid, acute, 3-9(-12) by 1-3.2 mm, 2.2-4 times as long as wide, glabrous.
More
Trees to 20 m tall. Leaves in whorls of 3-5; petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade oblong or narrowly obovate, 12-20 X 4-8 cm, leathery, glabrous, apex apiculate or nearly so; lateral veins 30-45 pairs, subparallel, nearly at a right angle to midvein. Inflorescences dense, 8-12 X 12-15 cm; peduncle 5-8 cm. Corolla white, tube cylindric, 4-6 mm; lobes broadly ovate, 1.2-1.7 mm; throat villous. Disc less than 0.5 mm. Ovaries distinct, ca. 1 mm. Drupes subglobose, 1.5-1.8 X 1.8-2.4 cm. Seeds 1 or 2.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Lowland dipterocarp forest and teak forest, sometimes also in forest edges, littoral forest and more open places in secondary vegetation, at elevations up to 1,400 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

UsesThe bark is reportedly used as a laxative and to treat dysentery. Also reported to be anti-malarial. The wood is light but may be used for small objects such as knife handles.
Uses material medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Rauvolfia sumatrana world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Rauvolfia sumatrana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81660-1
WFO ID wfo-0000295190
COL ID 4RMFZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rauvolfia madurensis Rauvolfia samarensis Rauvolfia reflexa Rauvolfia spectabilis Rauvolfia sumatrana Cyrtosiphonia madurensis Cyrtosiphonia reflexa Cyrtosiphonia spectabilis Cyrtosiphonia sumatrana Rauvolfia blumeana Rauvolfia madurensis Rauvolfia sumatrana var. longifolia Rauvolfia palawanensis