Rhamnus arguta Maxim.

Sharp-tooth buckthorn (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees, dioecious, 2-3 m tall, spinose or unarmed. Bark gray-brown; branchlets opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate, dark purple or purple-red, smooth, glabrous, sometimes terminating in a spine; terminal buds purple-black, narrowly ovoid, large, with few scales, scale margin ciliate. Leaves subopposite to opposite, or alternate, fascicled on short shoots; petiole red or red-purple, 1-3(-4) cm, adaxially canaliculate, ± puberulent; leaf blade ovate-cordate or ovate-orbicular, rarely suborbicular or elliptic, 1.5-6(-8) × 1.5-4.5(-6) cm, thinly papery or papery, glabrous or leaves abaxially or veins and petioles puberulent, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, slightly prominent on both surfaces, base cordate or rounded, margin densely sharply serrate, apex obtuse-rounded or acute. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous. Male flowers 1-20-fascicled at ends of short shoots or in leaf axils of lower part of long shoots; pedicels 8-12 mm. Female flowers few fascicled in leaf axils; pedicels ca. 2 cm; ovary globose, 3-or 4-loculed; style 3-or 4-cleft. Drupe black at maturity, globose or obovoid-globose, 6-7 mm in diam., with persistent calyx tube at base, with 3 or 4 stones; fruiting pedicel 1.3-2.3 cm, glabrous. Seeds oblong-ovoid, abaxially with margined furrow extending over 4/5 of length. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24*.
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Shrubs or small trees, 2–3 m, usually unarmed, rarely armed with weak thorns. Branchlets dark purple or purple-red, glabrous. Leaves deciduous, usually opposite to subopposite, sometimes alternate, usually fascicled on short shoots, separating with age; petiole 10–28 mm; blade green abaxially, darker green adaxially, usually broadly ovate, ovate, oblong-ovate, or ovate-cordate, sometimes ovate-orbiculate, 2.5–6(–7) cm, herbaceous, base truncate to cordate, margins spinulose-serrate, apex obtuse-rounded or acute, both surfaces glabrous or abaxial puberulent along veins; secondary veins (3–)4–5 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle or proximal diverging more obtusely. Inflorescences fascicles or flowers solitary. Pedicels 10–24(–30) mm. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Drupes black, globose to obovoid-globose, 7–10 mm; stones 3. 2n = 24.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 2-3 m tall. It can have spines. The leaves are opposite or alternate. The leaves are 2-6 cm long by 2-5 cm long. Male and female flowers are separate. The fruit is round and black when mature. It is 6-7 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In north China it grows in forests and thickets below 2,000 m above sea level.
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Forests and thickets on slopes; at elevations up to 2,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The mature fruit are eaten.
Uses construction dye medicinal oil wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Rhamnus arguta world distribution map, present in China and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:718192-1
WFO ID wfo-0001131270
COL ID 4RZX5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhamnus arguta Rhamnus arguta var. betulifolia Rhamnus arguta var. cuneatifolia Rhamnus arguta var. rotundifolia Rhamnus arguta var. arguta