Rhamnus napalensis (Wall.) M.A.Lawson

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rhamnaceae > Rhamnus

Characteristics

Shrubs erect or scandent, rarely trees, deciduous, dioecious, unarmed. Young branches puberulent, glabrescent; older branches with numerous conspicuous lenticels. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.3-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade adaxially deep green, broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 6-17(-20) × 3-8.5 cm, papery or subleathery, abaxially with clustered hairy vein axils, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 5-9 pairs, major veins ± prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, base rounded, margin crenate or obtusely serrate, slightly revolute, apex rounded, shortly acuminate, or acuminate. Flowers unisexual, 5-merous, in axillary cymose racemes or branched cymose panicles to 12 cm; rachis puberulent; bracts leaflike, to 5 cm. Sepals triangular, ca. 1.5 mm, puberulent, apex acute. Petals deeply cucullate, equaling stamens or slightly shorter, base clawed, apex obtuse or emarginate. Disk circular, thin, glabrous. Female flowers with caducous petals; stamens rudimentary; ovary globose, 3-loculed; style 3-fid or cleft to half. Drupe reddish purple when young, purplish black at maturity, obovoid-globose, 5-6 mm in diam., with persistent calyx tube at base, with 3 stones. Seeds abaxially with margined furrow extending over nearly whole length. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Aug-Nov.
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Liane or scandent shrub, glabrous or sparsely simple-pubescent. Leaves subopposite, often anisophyllous, ± glabrous; lamina ovate to obovate, (60–) 80–110 (–140) mm long, (25–) 35–50 (–55) mm wide, base obtuse or cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acutely acuminate; petiole 8–18 mm long; stipules narrowly triangular, 2–3.5 mm long. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, comprising diffuse, leafy pseudoracemes; axes and flowers glabrous or pubescent. Flowers bisexual, 5-merous. Pedicels 2–3.5 mm long. Hypanthium 1.5–1.8 mm diam. Sepals erect, 1.5–1.8 mm long. Petals cucullate, erect or incurved, 0.7–0.9 mm long. Stamens incurved or erect, 0.5 mm long. Carpels 3 (or 4); style 1.2–1.4 mm long. Fruit obovoid, 5–8 mm long.
A shrub or scrambling vine. The twigs are reddish brown. The twigs zigzag from leaf to leaf. The leaves are simple and alternate or opposite. They are 3-13 cm long by 1-5 cm wide. The leaves have small hairs underneath. The flowers can be single or in groups. They are in the axils of leaves. The flowers are 3-4 mm across. There are 4-5 white or cream petals. These are 1 mm long. The fruit is fleshy and purple or black. It is 6-7 mm long. There are 2 or 3 seeds.
Life form -
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
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Mature height (meter) 2.25
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the rainforest. It grows between 450-900 m altitude in tropical Queensland. In Northeastern India it grows between 1,600-1,800 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
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Sparse to dense forests, thickets; at elevations up to 1,800 metres. Upland rain forest, often in association with Agathis robusta; at elevations from 450-900 metres in northern Australia.
Sparse to dense forests, thickets; at elevations up to 1,800 metres. Upland rain forest, often in association with Agathis robusta; at elevations from 450-900 metres in northern Australia.
Grows in rainforests at c. 450–900 m alt.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw or dry.
Uses dye environmental use invertebrate food material medicinal oil social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Herpesvirus 4, human (fruit), Herpes (unspecified)
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
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Distribution

Rhamnus napalensis world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Rhamnus napalensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:718514-1
WFO ID wfo-0001131431
COL ID 8SF52
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Celastrus tristis Rhamnus paniculiflora Rhamnus napalensis