Rhynchosia caribaea (Jacq.) Dc.

Caribbean snoutbean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Rhynchosia

Characteristics

Perennial twiner with slender wiry sparsely to densely pubescent stems 2-4 m long. Leaflets 3, 1.2-7 x 1-6.7 cm, terminal broadly rhombic or triangular, gradually narrowed to an obtuse or subacute apex, laterals obliquely rhombic-ovate with lower margin distinctly gibbous, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent above, pubescent on the nerves and veins beneath and with numerous golden gland dots (densely velvety in a South African variety); petiole 1.2-4.2 cm long; rhachis 0.7-2.2 cm long; stipules 4-8 x 1.5-2.5 mm, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, slender, lax, 4-15.5 cm long, unbranched or often with a patent secondary branchlet a short distance below the base of the main rhachis, rarely with many branches; pedicels 3-8 mm long. Calyx puberulous; tube 3-4 mm long; lobes unequal, ± obtuse to narrowly acuminate, the upper pair joined almost to the apex to form a lobe 1.5-4 mm long; lateral lobes 1.5-5 mm long, broadly triangular, lowest lobe 3-8 mm long, narrowly triangular to linear. Corolla yellow with purple veining; standard 10-17 x 12-14 mm, obovate, glabrous; wings yellow; keel green often with a dark tip. Pods 2-4 x 0.8 cm, falcate, not inflated, finely pubescent and with sparse to dense long silky glandular-based hairs sometimes breaking off to leave small tubercles. Seeds dark reddish-brown with darker markings, 4.5 x 4 x 1.5 mm, rounded reniform, compressed.
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Leaflets 3, 1.2–7 × 1–6.7 cm, terminal broadly rhombic or triangular, gradually narrowed to an obtuse or subacute apex, laterals obliquely rhombic-ovate with lower margin distinctly gibbous, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent above, pubescent on the nerves and veins beneath and with numerous golden gland dots (densely velvety in a South African variety); petiole 1.2–4.2 cm long; rhachis 0.7–2.2 cm long; stipules 4–8 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate.
Vigorous, perennial climber, up to 1 m high, or prostrate; stems slender, pubescent. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Leaflets ovate-rhomboid or deltoid; sparsely pubescent or subglabrous on upper surface, pubescent on veins; dotted with raised golden glands on lower surface. Inflorescence long-pedunculate, many-flowered, lax, axillary raceme, longer than leaves. Flowers yellow, with purple venation on outside of standard petal. Flowering time Dec.-Apr.
Perennial, herb, climbing up to 1 m high. Stems twining or procumbent; pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate; terminal leaflets thin, ovate-rhomboid; stipules ovate to narrowly ovate, up to 6 mm long. Flowers: in laxly, several-flowered racemes, longer than leaves; corolla large, up to 15 mm long, yellow and purplish brown; Oct.-Dec.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It climbs up shrubs. It grows 1 m high. It has a taproot. The leaves are alternate and have 3 leaflets. The leaflets are 1-7 cm long by 1-7 cm wide. They are oval. The fruit are pods about 3 cm long. They have green veins. There are 2 seeds in each pod. The seeds are 4 mm across.
Calyx puberulous; tube 3–4 mm long; lobes unequal, ± obtuse to narrowly acuminate, the upper pair joined almost to the apex to form a lobe 1.5–4 mm long; lateral lobes 1.5–5 mm long, broadly triangular, lowest lobe 3–8 mm long, narrowly triangular to linear.
Inflorescences axillary, slender, lax, 4–15.5 cm long, unbranched or often with a patent secondary branchlet a short distance below the base of the main rhachis, rarely with many branches; pedicels 3–8 mm long.
Pods 2–4 × 0.8 cm, falcate, not inflated, finely pubescent and with sparse to dense long silky glandular-based hairs sometimes breaking off to leave small tubercles.
Prostrate or climbing shrublet. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, leaflets ovate-rhomboid. Flowers yellow with purple venation outside of standard petal.
Corolla yellow with purple veining; standard 10–17 × 12–14 mm, obovate, glabrous; wings yellow; keel green often with a dark tip.
Seeds dark reddish-brown with darker markings, 4.5 × 4 × 1.5 mm, rounded reniform, compressed.
Perennial twiner with slender wiry sparsely to densely pubescent stems 2–4 m long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in hot arid places with a marked dry season. It grows between 5-2,000 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The roots are used to prepare a porridge or a drink. The roots are dried, pounded and cooked into a porridge. It can be mixed with maize porridge.
Uses food food additive material medicinal
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Rheumatism (unspecified), Headache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Rhynchosia caribaea world distribution map, present in Comoros, Jamaica, Madagascar, Namibia, Puerto Rico, Thailand, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:517182-1
WFO ID wfo-0000186013
COL ID 4SSGH
BDTFX ID 168490
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhynchosia caribaea Eriosema nigropunctatum Rhynchosia gazensis Rhynchosia acuminata Rhynchosia gibba Copisma gibbum Glycine caribaea Rhynchosia congestiflora Rhynchosia melanosperma Rhynchosia picta Rhynchosia villosula Arcyphyllum caribaeum Copisma pictum Copisma caribaeum Dolicholus caribaeus Rhynchosia caribaea var. caribaea