Rhynchosia totta (Thunb.) Dc.

Snoutbean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Rhynchosia

Characteristics

Vigorous, slender, spreading, twining or climbing herb arising from a woody rootstock. Stems: densely puberulous with short, brownish or grey hairs when young, often glabrescent. Leaves: pinnately trifoliolate or unifoliolate, leaflets linear, narrowly to broadly elliptic or ovate, sometimes asymmetrical, 15-80(100) x (3)6-25(30) mm, glandular, hispidulous-pubescent or villous to glabrescent above, sparsely-to densely-pubescent below, emarginate or mucronate; stipules small, ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 x0.5-2.0 mm, striated; petiole (3)6-40 mm long. Inflorescences: mostly 1-4-flowered (rarely 5-flowered) in axillary racemes or sessile, 15-125 mm long, sometimes occurring in pairs. Flowers:5-18 mm long, yellow; bracts lanceolate, 1.5-3.0 x 0.2-1.0 mm; bracteoles absent. Calyx: bilabiate, usually half the length of the corolla to almost as long as the corolla, vexillary lobes connate for 0.2-0.8(-1.5) mm above the calyx tube, those of the lower lip unequal, oblong-elliptic, carinal lobe longer than lateral lobes, 5-12 mm long, lateral lobes 3-10 mm long. Corolla: persistent; standard yellow or yellow and veined red, suborbicular, reflexed backwards, 5-15 x 4-7 mm, slightly emarginate, glabrous, with two callosities on claws; wings oblong, sometimes slightly narrower and shorter than keel,4-8 x 1-2 mm, spurred at base, without sculpturing; keel obtuse, 4-10 x 2-4 mm, pocketed. Androecium: diadelphous with nine filaments fused, vexillary stamen free to the base; anthers monomorphic, dorsifixed. Ovary: narrowly oblong-elliptic, stipitate, pubescent, 2-ovuled; style curved upwards, glabrous. Fruit: narrowly oblong, laterally compressed,15-20(25) x 4-8 mm, densely pilose, glandular, 2-seeded. Seeds: depressed-globular, 3-5 x 1-3 mm, brown, black or mottled brown. Flowering time: (Aug)Sep to Apr(May).
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Climber or twiner or ascending herb 0·2–1 m. long, with slender stems from a tuberous rootstock.. Stems glabrescent to densely covered with long silvery or ferruginous adpressed or spreading hairs.. Leaflets 3 (or in some South African variants some unifoliolate leaves also present), narrowly elliptic-oblong to elliptic, round or oblong-lanceolate, 1–5·5 cm. long, 0·3–2·7 cm. wide, acute or subacute and mucronulate at the apex, rounded or slightly subcordate at the base, glabrescent to silky pilose or velvety, obscurely gland-dotted; venation usually very prominent and reticulate, particularly beneath, usually pale and yellowish, at least in dried specimens, particularly above; petiole 0·7–3 cm. long; rhachis 1–6 mm. long; petiolules 0·5–1·5 mm. long; stipules lanceolate, 2·5–6 mm. long, 0·5–2 mm. wide.. Flowers solitary to few in very lax inflorescences; peduncle 1·3–3 cm. long; true pedicels 2–4 mm. long; bracts ovate or lanceolate, ± 1–5 mm. long, 0·5 mm. wide.. Calyx pubescent to silky pilose; tube 2 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, 2·5–8 mm. long, the lowest usually the longest, the upper pair joined for ± half their length.. Standard yellow, flushed reddish, obovate, 0·9–1·2(–1·4) cm. long, 6–8·5 mm. wide, glabrous (or in some Transvaal and Rhodesian variants pubescent); wings yellow; keel greenish-yellow.. Pods falcate-oblanceolate, 1·5–3·7 cm. long, 5–8 mm. wide, narrowed below, apiculate, covered with rather long and shorter pubescence or silky pilose.. Seeds dark red mottled black, reniform, longest dimension 3–4·5 mm., shorter dimensions 2–3·5 mm.
Leaflets 3 (or in some South African variants some 1-foliolate leaves also present), 1–9.5 × 0.3–2.7 cm, narrowly elliptic-oblong to elliptic, round or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute and mucronulate at the apex, rounded or slightly subcordate at the base, glabrescent to silky pilose or velvety, obscurely gland-dotted; venation usually very prominent and reticulate, particularly beneath, usually pale and yellowish, at least in dried specimens, particularly above; petiole 0.7–3 cm long; rhachis 1–6 mm long; petiolules 0.5–1.5 mm long; stipules 2.5–6 × 0.5–2 mm, lanceolate.
A climbing herb. It has underground stems or rhizomes. It grows 1 m high. It has a tuberous rootstock and several thin stems. They can be covered with silvery or rusty hairs. The leaves have 3 leaflets. These can be 1-10 cm long by 3 cm wide. The flowers can occur singly or as a few in a group. They are yellow with red. The fruit are pods 2-4 cm long by 1 cm wide. The seeds are dark brown and kidney shaped. They are 3-5 mm long by 2-4 mm wide. There are several different varieties.
Variable, trailing or climbing herb, up to 1 m long; arising from a tuberous rootstock. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, mostly twice as long as wide, distinctly veined, hispidulous or smooth. Inflorescence a lax, few-flowered raceme. Flowers small, yellow. Flowering time Sept.-Mar., sometimes later.
Calyx pubescent to silky pilose; tube 2 mm long; lobes 2.5–8 mm long, lanceolate, the lowest usually the longest, the upper pair joined for ± half their length.
Flowers solitary to few in very lax inflorescences; peduncle 1.3–3.5 cm long; true pedicels 2–4 mm long; bracts c. 1–5 × 0.5 mm, ovate or lanceolate.
Pods 15–37 × 5–8 mm, falcate-oblanceolate, narrowed below, apiculate, covered with rather long and shorter pubescence or silky pilose.
Standard yellow, flushed reddish, 7–12(14) × 6–8.5 mm, obovate, glabrous or rarely pubescent; wings yellow; keel greenish-yellow.
Trailing or climbing shrub. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, leaflets oblong-lanceolate, hispidulous. Flowers yellow.
Stems glabrescent to densely covered with long silvery or ferruginous appressed or spreading hairs.
Climber or twiner or ascending herb 0.2–1 m long, with slender stems from a tuberous rootstock.
Seeds dark red, mottled black to ± entirely black, 3–4.5 × 2–3.5 mm, reniform.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in sands. It grows between 10-2,090 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The root tuber is chewed for its sweet flavour. They can be eaten raw or roasted.
Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use Masticatory (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Rhynchosia totta world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Sudan, Somalia, Chad, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Rhynchosia totta threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:517560-1
WFO ID wfo-0000187502
COL ID 4SSSC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhynchosia totta Dolicholus totta Copisma tottum Glycine totta

Lower taxons

Rhynchosia totta var. totta Rhynchosia totta var. fenchelii Rhynchosia totta var. elongatifolia Rhynchosia totta var. namaensis