Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern

Variableleaf yellowcress (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Rorippa

Characteristics

Herbs annual, (6-)20-60(-75) cm tall, glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent. Stems often branched basally and apically. Basal leaves withered by flowering. Lower and middle cauline leaves auriculate or not; petiole absent or 1-4 cm; leaf blade lyrate-pinnatipartite or undivided, obovate, oblong, or lanceolate, (2.5-)3.5-12(-16) × (0.8-)1.5-4(-5) cm, margin entire, irregularly crenate, or serrate, apex obtuse or subacute; terminal lobe oblong, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, to 10 × 5 cm; lateral lobes absent or 1-5(or 6) on each side of midvein. Uppermost leaves usually sessile, auriculate or not; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, margin entire, denticulate, or serrulate, apex acute or acuminate. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels slender, ascending, divaricate, or rarely slightly reflexed, straight, (2-)3-10(-15) mm. Sepals often green or pinkish, ascending, oblong-ovate, 2-3 × 0.8-1.5 mm, margin membranous. Petals yellow, obovate or spatulate, (2.5-)3-4(-4.5) × 1-1.5 mm, rarely absent. Filaments 1.5-3 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.8 mm. Ovules (60-)70-110 per ovary. Fruit linear, (0.7-)1-2.4(-3) cm × 1-1.5(-2) mm, often curved upward; valves thin papery, not veined; style (0.5-)1-1.5(-2) mm, slender, narrower than fruit. Seeds reddish brown, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 0.5-0.9 × 0.4-0.6 mm, foveolate, biseriate or nearly so. Fl. and fr. throughout the year. 2n = 24*, 32*, 48*.
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Annuals; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. Stems erect, unbranched or branched proximally or distally, (0.6-)2-6(-7.5) dm. Basal leaves not rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. Cauline leaves petiolate (to 4 cm) or (distal) sessile; blade lyrate-pinnatipartite or undivided, obovate, oblong, or lanceolate, (lobes 0 or 1-5 (or 6) on each side), (2.5-)3.5-12(-16) cm × (8-)15-40(-50) mm, base auriculate or not, margins entire, irregularly crenate, or serrate, (entire or denticulate distally). Racemes elongated. Fruiting pedicels usually ascending or divaricate, rarely slightly reflexed, straight, (2-) 3-10(-15) mm. Flowers: sepals ascending, oblong-ovate, 2-3 × 0.8-1.5 mm; petals yellow, obovate or spatulate, (2.5-)3-4(-4.5) × 1-1.5 mm; median filaments 1.5-3 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.8 mm. Fruits siliques, often curved-ascending, linear, (7-)10-24(-30) × 1-1.5(-2) mm; ovules (60-)70-110 per ovary; style (0.5-)1-1.5(-2) mm, (slender, narrower than fruit). Seeds biseriate or nearly so, reddish brown, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 0.5-0.9 mm (0.4-0.6 mm diam.), foveolate. 2n = 16, 24, 32, 48.
Low perennial 1–3 dm, essentially glabrous throughout; lvs mainly cauline, the principal ones petiolate, with lance-elliptic to lance-rhombic, merely toothed blade to 7 × 2 cm; pet 3 mm, slightly surpassing the sep; mature pedicels widely ascending; frs cylindric, upcurved, 1 cm, with a short, thick stylar beak 0.5(–1) mm. Native of se. Asia, sparingly intr. as a weed in N.Y. and elsewhere. May, June.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual plant. It grows to 50 cm high. The leaves near the base are divided into lobes along the stalk. The lobes have teeth. For the leaves on the stem the largest lobe is at the end. The flowers are yellow. They occur in long stalks with many small flowers. The fruit is a pod. It is narrow and like a cylinder.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.48
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. In the Philippines it grows in Luzon and Bontoc. It grows in roadsides, field margins, gardens, river banks; near sea level to 3200 m altitude in China. In Nepal it grows between 1500-2000 m altitude. It grows in moist places. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Roadsides, field margins, gardens and river banks from near sea level to 3,200 metres in most of China. Moist places at elevations of 150-200 metres in Nepal.
Rather wet places in lowland, and at low elevations in the mountains, central and southern Japan.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

The tender shoots and leaves are cooked as a vegetable. The harvested leaves can be stored for 4-5 days.
Uses food gene source medicinal
Edible leaves shoots stems
Therapeutic use Asthma (seed), Asthma (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cystitis? (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Rorippa indica unspecified picture

Distribution

Rorippa indica world distribution map, present in Brazil, Canada, China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:222144-2
WFO ID wfo-0000399604
COL ID 4TCPT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Nasturtium apetalum Nasturtium apetalum Nasturtium obtusulum Cardamine lamontii Rorippa indica Sisymbrium sinapifolium Sisymbrium indicum Sisymbrium apetalum Sinapis benghalensis Radicula indica Nasturtium heterophyllum Cardamine atrovirens Nasturtium montanum Sisymbrium sinapis Nasturtium sinapis Rorippa montana Nasturtium atrovirens Sisymbrium atrovirens Nasturtium diffusum Rorippa atrovirens Nasturtium montanum Radicula indica Rorippa sinapis Cardamine glandulosa Nasturtium indicum Sinapis divaricata Sinapis pusilla Clandestinaria indica Rorippa indica var. indica