Rosa gallica L.

French rose (en), Rosier de Provence (fr), Rose de France (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rosa

Characteristics

Deciduous, erect shrub to c. 1.5 m high, densely suckering and forming low thickets; stems many, sometimes with glandular hairs; armature of occasional, narrow, almost straight prickles and more abundant acicles. Lvs with 2-3 pairs of leaflets; petiole 20-55 mm long, usually with eglandular hairs, often with glandular hairs also, sometimes glabrate; stipules adnate for ?-3/4 length, glabrous or with a few eglandular hairs, with numerous marginal glandular hairs. Lamina of leaflets (15)-25-60 × (10)-15-35 mm, broadly elliptic, glabrous and usually deep green and slightly shining above, hairy on lower part of midrib and veins beneath, otherwise glabrous, somewhat rugose; margins 1-2-serrate, with glandular hairs; base rounded or slightly subcordate; apex rounded or obtuse to acute. Fls 1-3, double, 50-90 mm diam., fragrant; pedicels usually with numerous glandular hairs and some acicles, occasionally glabrate. Sepals ovate, acute to long-acuminate, tomentose inside, with few to numerous small glandular hairs outside; outer sepals pinnatifid to pinnatisect with linear lobes. Petals c. 20-30 mm long, broadly obovate, rose, crimson or purplish rose. Styles free, slightly exserted, hairy. Fr. not seen.
More
Stems: distal branches green to dull red; prickles internodal, curved, sometimes erect, rarely hooked, declined, 3–7 × 2–5 mm. Leaves: stipules subulate, 14–24 × 3–5 mm, auricles 4–10 mm, surfaces pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis with sparse pricklets, puberulent, densely stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5(–7), terminal blade slightly rugose, base obtuse to subcordate, margins shallowly 1(–2)-dentate-crenate, teeth 14–23 per side, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces pale, gray green, sessile-glandular particularly on midveins, adaxial bluish green or dark green. Inflorescences 1–3(–8)-flowered. Pedicels: bracts 1 or 2, caducous, lanceolate, 8–14 × 2–4 mm, margins ciliate, surfaces glabrous or pubescent, eglandular or stipitate-glandular. Flowers: hypanthium 5–7 × 3–5(–7) mm, neck (0–)1 × 3 mm; sepal tip 7 × 2 mm, erect or spreading; petals 27–35 × 20–30 mm [or larger]; styles exsert 2–4 mm beyond hypanthium orifice. Hips leathery. Achenes 3, 5 × 4–5 mm. 2n = 28.
Erect colonial shrub to 1(–1.5) m; stem with stout, hooked prickles and numerous bristles, the latter usually gland-tipped; lf-rachis with scattered short prickles; lfls 3–7, leathery, rugose above, sparsely hairy beneath, 2–6 × 2–3 cm, broadly elliptic to ovate, rounded to subcordate at base; fls mostly solitary at the branch-tips, often double; hypanthium and pedicels glandular-setose; sep deflexed and deciduous after anthesis, the outer usually pinnatifid; pet typically deep pink, (2.5–)3–4.5 cm; 2n=28. Native of Europe, rarely escaped from cult.
A shrub. It loses its leaves during the year.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Hedges and woods, usually on calcareous soils. Open broad-leaved forests, shrubby formations, roadsides and forest edges, open slopes.
More
It is a temperate plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The flower petals are used for syrup and jam. Sugar and citric acid are added. The fruit are used for jam and syrup. The leaves are used for tea.
Uses breeding cosmetics drug environmental use essential oil flavouring food food additive material medicinal perfumery tea
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Asthenia (flower), Astringents (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Febrifuge (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Mucus (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Bowel (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Debility (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs scarification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification
Minimum temperature (C°) -27
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Rosa gallica habit picture by Udo Herkommer (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica habit picture by epoqueepique (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica habit picture by Diego Audrey (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Rosa gallica leaf picture by Georg Auster (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica leaf picture by Marie VAN DE GINSTE (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica leaf picture by Titouan Le Moal (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rosa gallica flower picture by Alain Ducos (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica flower picture by Martinez Alfonso (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica flower picture by Valérie reynolds (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rosa gallica fruit picture by noeriq (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica fruit picture by Anne Maugé (cc-by-sa)
Rosa gallica fruit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rosa gallica world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Libya, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, New Zealand, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732569-1
WFO ID wfo-0000983164
COL ID 6WWCX
BDTFX ID 56933
INPN ID 118192
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rosa heteracantha Rosa crenulata Rosa tauriae Rosa czackiana Rosa minimalis Rosa pumila Rosa heteroacantha Rosa austriaca Rosa tenuis Rosa provincialis Rosa olympica Rosa atropurpurea Rosa velutinaeflora Rosa racemosa Rosa arvina Rosa arvina Rosa flectidenta Rosa umbrosa Rosa gallica Rosa gallica f. elata Rosa gallica f. cordata Rosa cordata Rosa mirogojana Rosa pygmaea Rosa virescens Rosa pinnatifida Rosa holosericea Rosa oligacantha Rosa rhodanii Rosa czakiana Rosa heteroacatha Rosa pumila Rosa repens Rosa hispida Rosa ruralis Rosa assimilis Rosa sylvatica Rosa grandiflora Rosa cordifolia Rosa rubra Rosa belgica Rosa gallica var. czackiana Rosa gallica var. leiostyla Rosa gallica subsp. leiostyla Rosa gallica var. pannonica Rosa austriaca var. officinalis Rosa gallica var. subinermis Rosa gallica var. trichophylla Rosa gallica var. baldensis Rosa gallica var. cordifolia Rosa rubiginosa var. imitans Rosa gallica var. rosamundi Rosa gallica var. ruralis Rosa gallica subsp. austriaca Rosa gallica var. austriaca Rosa gallica var. magnifica Rosa gallica var. czakiana Rosa gallica var. subglandulosa Rosa austriaca var. subglandulosa Rosa pumila var. holosericea Rosa pumila var. rosamundi Rosa pumila var. subnigra Rosa pumila var. tricolor Rosa pumila var. hispida Rosa austriaca var. leiophylla Rosa gallica var. grahovicensis Rosa gallica var. gallica Rosa gallica var. leiophylla Rosa centifolia var. subnigra Rosa centifolia var. tricolor Rosa austriaca var. cordifolia Rosa gallica var. haplodonta Rosa gallica var. pulchella Rosa gallica var. reinechei Rosa gallica var. variegata Rosa gallica var. virescens Rosa gallica var. subtomentella

Lower taxons

Rosa gallica var. pumila Rosa gallica var. officinalis