Rothmannia capensis Thunb.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Rothmannia

Characteristics

A well-shaped evergreen tree up to 14 m in height, sometimes reaching 20 m. Bark: grey-brown, darkish, rather rough, or palish grey-brown and finely cracked into segments like crocodile skin, with a rusty pink or burgundy tinge in the cracks. Leaves: opposite, with an occasional third leaf, crowded towards the ends of the branches, elliptic, up to 10 x 4 cm, leathery, glossy dark green above, paler green below, velvety when young, becoming hairless, with very distinct domatia clearly visible on both surfaces; apex tapering to rounded; base tapering; margin wavy; petiole almost absent. Flowers: widely bell-shaped, white to cream, with maroon or liver-coloured streaks and markings in the throat, about 8 cm long and 6-7 cm in diameter, solitary, sweetly scented. Fruit: round, about 7 cm in diameter, leathery, with faint grooves like the segments of an orange, crowned with the small remains of the persistent calyx, green, hard at first, softening when mature; the juice stains blue.
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Evergreen tree, 3-7(-14) m high. Leaves opposite or occasionally ternate, elliptic, dark, shiny green; domatia distinct on upper surface, hairy in nerve axils below; petioles short, widened. Calyx with cylindrical tube; lobes 5, up to 8 mm long, erect. Corolla 5-lobed, showy, widely campanulate, white or yellow with maroon streaks or speckles. Stamens 5, in corolla mouth, subexserted; anthers sessile, linear. Flowering time Dec.-Feb. Fruit globose, faintly grooved lengthwise; hard at first, softening at maturity, crowned with small remains of persistent calyx.
A medium sized tree. It is evergreen. The trunk is slender and straight. It can be 10 m high. The branches go out horizontal and droop down at the ends. The leaves are opposite, with an odd third leaf. The leaves are crowded towards the ends of branches. The crown is narrow. The flowers are at the ends of branches. They occur singly and are white with red streaks inside. The fruit is round and 7 cm across. They are green.
Leaf blades 3.2–12 × 1.5–5.5 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic, obtuse to acute at apex, acute at base, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, moderately shiny above, glabrous or sometimes pubescent beneath when young; domatia present as hair-lined pits, clearly visible as blisters on upper surface; petioles 1–3(5) mm long; stipules 3–5 mm long, triangular usually with a decurrent acumen, eventually caducous.
Corolla white or cream, with maroon spots in the throat, sometimes these in lines behind anthers not extending to base of lobes, glabrous or glabrescent outside; tube 3.5–5.5 cm long, the widened portion 2.2–3.5 cm long and 1.8–3.4 cm wide at the top; lobes 2.7–3.5 × 1.2–1.6 cm, ovate, long acuminate, usually ciliate, overlapping to the right in bud.
Tree, up to 10 m high. Calyx limb never splitting, lobes linear, (5-)10-22 mm long, always separated by sinuses. Corolla tube campanulate to funnel-shaped above, lower cylindrical portion a third to half of total length, lobes 27-35 mm long. Fruit spherical, ribbed. Flowers white to cream with purple spots in throat.
Calyx glabrous or occasionally finely pubescent; tube 0.6–1 cm long; limb-tube (0.6)1.2–1.4 cm long, tubular, never splitting; lobes linear (0.5)1.1–2.2 cm long, the bases well separated by sinuses, ciliate.
Shrub or small tree 2.4–16 m tall; young branches glabrous or less often finely pubescent, older branches with bark flaking off to reveal a rusty-coloured underlayer.
Fruit 7–8.5 cm in diameter, spherical with 5(or 10) shallow, well spaced ribs; calyx limb deciduous leaving a pale pentangular scar.
Tree to 14(-20) m. Leaves opposite, elliptic. Flowers cup-shaped, sessile, solitary, terminal, white to cream-coloured.
Flowers solitary; peduncle very abbreviated; pedicels up to 2 mm long; bracteoles resembling reduced stipules.
Pollen presenter 2–2.5 × 0.15–0.3 cm, exserted.
Anthers c. 2 cm long, ± one third exserted.
Seeds c. 7 × 7 × 2–2.5 mm.
Style 2.5–5.5 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.5 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Rocky outcrops, in ravines and on escarpments, in evergreen forest and forest margins at elevations of 1,000-1,500 metres.
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It is a subtropical plant. It grows in forest and on rocky hillsides.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Ripe fruit are eaten.
Uses fuel material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The seeds should be removed from the pith then germinate easily. Seeds should not be allowed to dry out. Seeds germinate in 14 days.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Rothmannia capensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Rothmannia capensis world distribution map, present in Botswana, eSwatini, and South Africa

Conservation status

Rothmannia capensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:765117-1
WFO ID wfo-0000298219
COL ID 4TGCK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Randia bellatula Rothmannia capensis Gardenia capensis Gardenia rothmannia Genipa rothmannia