Rothmannia whitfieldii (Lindl.) Dandy

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Rothmannia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 1.8–8.4(–15?) m. tall; young stems pubescent.. Leaf-blades elliptic to obovate, (9–)10–29 cm. long, 3.5–13 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, coriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent to ± glabrous beneath; domatia absent; petioles 0.7–2.1 cm. long, puberulous or glabrescent; stipules triangular, acuminate, 2–6 mm. long, pubescent, deciduous.. Flowers sweetly scented, solitary, pendent, terminal above a single leaf; peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm. long, reddish pubescent, bearing 2–6 acute triangular bracteoles 2.5–3 mm. long.. Calyx golden or reddish brown pubescent; tube 10-grooved when dry, 0.6–1.3 cm. long; limb-tube 0.7–2.3 cm. long, wider than the tube; lobes linear, 0.9–5(–7.9) cm. long, 1.5–4 mm. wide, ± equal.. Corolla white, or rarely said to be purple spotted, golden pubescent outside when dry; tube narrowly cylindrical below, funnel-shaped above, 5.3–23 cm. long, the funnel-shaped portion 2–7.8 cm. long, 2.6–8.2 cm. wide at top, 4–8 mm. wide at base, glabrous or pubescent within funnel-shaped portion, pubescent within cylindrical portion; lobes overlapping to left in bud, ovate, 1.6–6.8 cm. long, 1.6–5.8(–8) cm. wide, acute or rounded, creamish tomentose above.. Anthers included or with tips exserted, 2.7–4.5 cm. long.. Style 7.5–18.5 cm. long, abruptly widened at the stigma; stigma large, wholly or partly exserted, 3–7.5 cm. long, 0.6–11 mm. wide, distinctly bilobed at apex.. Fruit globose, 2.8–7 cm. in diameter, smooth or strongly 10-ribbed, rusty pubescent when young, ± glabrous later on, crowned by a persistent calyx-limb.. Seeds ± sublenticular, ± 0.7–1.1 cm. long, ± 3–4 mm. thick.
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Corolla white, golden pubescent outside when dry; tube narrowly cylindrical below, funnel-shaped above, 5.3–23 cm long, the funnel-shaped portion 2–7.8 cm long and 2.6–8.2 cm wide at the top, the cylindrical part 4–8 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent within the funnel-shaped portion, pubescent within the cylindrical portion; lobes 1.6–6.8 × 1.6–5.8(8) cm, ovate, acute or rounded, creamish tomentose above, overlapping to the left in bud.
A shrub. It grows 4-9 m tall. The leaves are dark green above and dull underneath. They appear in groups of 3 from the same node. The leaves are oval and 30 cm long. Flowers open at night and have a slight scent. The fruit are green and have lobes. They are 5 cm wide. They are rusty brown when young.
Leaf blades (9)10–29 × 3.5–13 cm, elliptic to obovate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, coriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent to ± glabrous beneath; domatia absent; petioles 7–21 mm long, puberulous or glabrescent; stipules triangular, acuminate, 2–6 mm long, pubescent, deciduous.
Calyx golden-or reddish-brown pubescent; tube 10-grooved when dry, 6–13 mm long; limb-tube 7–23 mm long, wider than the tube; lobes linear, 0.9–5(8) × 0.15–0.4 cm, ± equal.
Fruit 2.8–7 cm in diameter, globose, smooth or strongly 10-ribbed, rusty pubescent when young, ± glabrous later on, crowned by the persistent calyx limb.
Flowers sweet-scented, solitary, pendent; peduncle 5–25 mm long, reddish pubescent, bearing 2–6 acute triangular bracteoles 2.5–3 mm long.
Pollen presenter large, 3–7.5 × 0.6–1.1 cm, distinctly bilobed at apex, wholly or partly exserted.
Flowers fragrant with the corolla white inside brownish-velvety outside, pendulous
Shrub or small tree 1.8–8.5(15) m tall; young stems pubescent.
Fruit 10-ridged or nearly smooth, yielding an inky black dye
Seeds c. 0.7–1.1 cm long, c. 3–4 mm thick, ± sublenticular.
Anthers included or with tips exserted, 2.7–4.5 cm long.
Style 7.5–18.5 cm long, abruptly widened at the top.
A shrub or tree, 6-40 ft. high
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in dense forest. It can be in palm groves, along rivers and on the edge of mangroves. It usually grows between 500-2,000 m above sea level.
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Forest undergrowth, often in old secondary forest, but also in savannah woodland, at elevations up to 1,700 metres.
In forest vegetation, including forest outliers in the savanna regions.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The dried fruit are used in drinks.
Uses charcoal dye environmental use food material medicinal poison social use wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Cosmetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or by cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Rothmannia whitfieldii unspecified picture

Distribution

Rothmannia whitfieldii world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Congo, Cabo Verde, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Rothmannia whitfieldii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:765164-1
WFO ID wfo-0000298282
COL ID 78XZ6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Randia cuvelierana Randia eetveldiana Randia homblei Rothmannia malleifera Randia stolzii Rothmannia whitfieldii Genipa malleifera Gardenia malleifera Gardenia whitfieldii Rothmannia eetweldiana Randia malleifera Randia malleiflora