Rubus caesius L.

European dewberry (en), Rosier bleue (fr), Ronce à fruits bleus (fr), Ronce bleue (fr), Ronce bleu-vert (fr), Ronce glauque (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rubus

Characteristics

Shrubs scandent, to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets yellow-green to brownish, glabrous or puberulous, glaucous and with unequal long prickles. Leaves ternately-pinnately compound; petiole 4–7 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, thinly pubescent, with minute prickles, sometimes with intermixed shortly stipitate glands; stipules lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm, pubescent, margin sparsely stipitate glandular; blade broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4–7 × 3–7 cm, both surfaces puberulous, base rounded to truncate, margin incised, coarsely sharp doubly serrate, often 3-lobed, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose or short racemes, several to more than 10-flowered, terminal ones to 14 cm, with more flowers, axillary ones shorter, few flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with minute prickles, sometimes with intermixed shortly stipitate glands; bracts broadly lanceolate, 5–8 × 1–2 mm, pubescent or shortly stipitate glandular. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, with minute prickles; tube short, pelviform; sepals usually erect, ovate-lanceolate, 6–8 × 3–5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, nearly as long as or slightly longer than sepals, glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear. Pistils nearly as long as or slightly shorter than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit black, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug.
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Shrubs, to 3[–10] dm, armed. Stems ?biennial?, creeping or arching then creeping, glabrous or hairy, eglandular or sparsely sessile-to short-stipitate-glandular, strongly pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect to retrorse, slender, 1–3 mm, narrow-or broad-based. Leaves deciduous, ternate; stipules linear-lanceolate to ovate, 5–15 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–14 × 3–10 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed or shallowly lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with prickles on midveins or unarmed, sparsely to moderately hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular along larger veins. Inflorescences terminal ?on short shoot, usually appearing axillary?, 1–6-flowered, solitary flowers, cymiform, or racemiform. Pedicels unarmed or prickles sparse to dense, erect to retrorse, densely hairy, sparsely to densely sessile-to short-or long-stipitate-glandular. Flowers bisexual; petals white, obovate to elliptic or suborbiculate, 7–13 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous. Fruits appearing bluish, black beneath bloom, ?pruinose?, globose, 0.5–1.5 cm; drupelets 1–5(–20), weakly coherent, separating with torus attached. 2n = 28.
Primocanes ascending, soon arched and rooting at the tip, sparsely beset with stout hooked prickles with expanded base, not bristly, glaucous when young, primocane lvs 3-foliolate, the lfls broadly ovate, subcordate at base, softly pubescent beneath; infl subpaniculiform, some of its axillary branches with 2 or more fls. Native of Eurasia, occasionally escaped from cult.
A plant which trails over the ground. It grows 0.6-1.2 m high and spreads 1.8-3.5 m wide. The stems have a few prickles. The leaves have 3 leaflets and they are slightly downy. They have teeth along the edge and have an aroma. The leaflets have 2-3 lobes. The flowers are large and white. The fruit are black berries. They are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.4 - 2.25
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Hedgerows, amongst shrubs and in rough dry meadowland, usually on basic soils. Forests, ravines, among shrubs, clearings, banks of rivers and streams, forest and inundated meadows, gardens, orchards, roadsides, hedges.
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It is a temperate plant. In western China it grows near river banks between 1,000-1,500 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are also used for jellies, preserves and wine. The leaves are used as a substitute for tea. The leaves are used for sarma in Turkey. They are rolled around a filling of rice or minced meat. The young shoots are peeled and eaten raw as a snack.
Uses breeding dye food gene source medicinal tea
Edible flowers fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Tumor(Mouth) (unspecified), Tea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Rubus caesius habit picture by madamx madamx (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius habit picture by Pierre Sosson (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius habit picture by selber pflanzen (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Rubus caesius leaf picture by Moore Olivia (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius leaf picture by smart_start (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius leaf picture by gert van aert (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rubus caesius flower picture by gert van aert (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius flower picture by Georges Peyre (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius flower picture by Seidel Friedrich (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rubus caesius fruit picture by Janneke Daemen (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius fruit picture by Michael Wolf (cc-by-sa)
Rubus caesius fruit picture by Ursula Hofer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rubus caesius world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:735608-1
WFO ID wfo-0001017340
COL ID 4TJNN
BDTFX ID 57975
INPN ID 118993
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rubus rivalis Rubus mitissimus Rubus latebrosus Selnorition cesius Rubus humilis Rubus caeruleus Rubus caesius Rubus sabulosus Rubus ligerinus Rubus coeruleus Rubus caesius var. aquaticus Rubus caesius var. arvalis Rubus caesius var. dunensis Rubus caesius var. agrestis Rubus fruticosus subsp. caesius Rubus caesius var. palustris Rubus caesius var. duinensis Rubus caesius var. umbrosus Rubus polymorphus var. caesius Rubus caesius subsp. aquaticus Rubus caesius var. arenarius Rubus caesius var. annotinus