Rubus ellipticus Sm.

Yellow himalayan raspberry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rubus

Characteristics

Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or brownish, pubescent, with sparse, curved prickles and dense, purplish brown bristles or glandular hairs. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate; petiole 2–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis purplish red bristly, pubescent, with minute prickles; stipules linear, 7–11 mm, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs; blade of leaflets elliptic or obovate, 4–8(–12) × 3–6(–9) cm, terminal leaflet much larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially densely tomentose, with purplish red bristles along prominent veins, adaxially veins impressed, pubescent along midvein, base rounded, margin unevenly minute sharply serrate, apex acute, abruptly pointed, shallowly cordate, or subtruncate. Inflorescences terminal, dense glomerate racemes, (1.5–)2–4 cm, flowers several to 10 or more, or flowers several in clusters in leaf axils, rarely flowers solitary; rachis and pedicels pubescent, bristly; bracts linear, 5–9 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, intermixed yellowish tomentose, sparsely bristly; sepals erect, ovate, 4–5(–6) × 2–3(–4) mm, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose, apex acute and abruptly pointed. Petals white or pink, spatulate, longer than sepals, margin premorse, densely pubescent, base clawed. Stamens numerous, shorter than petals; filaments broadened and flattened basally. Ovary pubescent; styles glabrous, slightly longer than stamens. Aggregate fruit golden yellow, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous or drupelets pubescent at apex; pyrenes triangular-ovoid, densely rugulose. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Apr–May. 2n = 14.
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Climbing or scrawling shrubs. Stems up to 4 m, densely woolly when young, with many patent red bristles (up to 8 mm long and glandular when young), prickles rather few, straight to slightly curved, up to 8 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate, the upper ones sometimes simple, petiole 1-7.5 cm long. Stipules linear, up to 10 by 0.5 mm, entire, hairy. Leaflets elliptic to orbicular, sometimes slightly ovate or obovate, terminal ones 4-9 by 3.5-9 cm, lateral ones 2-6.5 by 2-6.5 cm, base ± rounded, margin (unequally) serrate, apex from acute to truncate, coriaceous, 7-10 pairs of nerves, patently hairy above, densely woolly and with longer straight hairs on the nerves below. Inflorescences rather lax, up to 30 cm long, with up to 12(-20) much-branched laterals under the terminal flower, the whole inflorescence with up to 150 or more flowers. Bracts linear or 3-partite, hairy. Pedicels up to l(-2) cm long, woolly, with bristles and curved prickles. Hypanthium 4-5 mm across, densely hairy and with bristles outside. Sepals ovate-triangular, 5-7.5 by 3-4.5 mm, entire, shortly acuminate, woolly and with longer hairs and at base also with bristles outside. Petals obovate to spathulate, up to 10 by 5 mm, early falling, rounded or acute, hairy, white. Stamens 30-40, filaments up to 2 mm, anthers c. 0.5 mm long. Pistils 100-150, ovaries on the back with many long straight hairs, especially near apex, on an elevated, densely hairy torus, style up to 2 mm long, hairy at base. Collective fruits ovoid to globose, up to 8 by 10 mm, sepals ultimately slightly spreading. Fruits up to 1.5 by 0.8 mm (dry), exocarp hairy, yellow to orange, mesocarp only a thin layer when dry.
A scrambling shrub. It grows to about 5 m high. The stems and leaf stalks are densely covered with long stiff hairs and armed with rather large spines. The leaves are compound with three leaflets somewhat rounded or elliptical and flattened at the tip. The lower surface is velvety. They are 1.5-9 cm long by 1-7 cm across. The end leaflet is the largest. The flowers are white and borne in clusters. These can be in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The berries are pale yellow, fleshy and fairly good flavour.
Stems covered, especially densely so above, with spreading reddish-brown, bristly, eglandular hairs 2–4 mm. long.. Leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets broadly elliptic and rounded or very obtuse at both ends, up to 5–5.5 × 4 cm., subglabrous and green above, whitish-or yellowish-grey-tomentose beneath, acutely but ± minutely serrated.. Inflorescence shortly cylindrical.. Calyx 5–6 mm. long; lobes ± obtusely ovate, 3–4 mm. long.. Petals yellow, exceeding the sepals.
Leaflets broadly elliptic to obovate, markedly obtuse, sometimes apiculate, the terminal one larger than the laterals; margins minutely serrate; superior surface dark greyish-green, glabrescent; inferior surface pale greenish-grey, very shortly tomentose, with prominent veins, the midrib bristly and prickly.
Flowering branches straight or zig-zag, reddish-brown, somewhat villous, densely covered with stiff, straight, reddish bristles up to 5 mm. long; prickles 3–5 mm. long, straight or weakly decurved, glossy.
Leaves 10–19 x 7–13 cm., temate; petiole and rhachis bristly like the stem, bearing smaller but more strongly hooked prickles; lateral leaflets subsessile, terminal one with petiolule 2·5–4 cm. long.
Inflorescences terminal and axillary, shorter than leaves; peduncles and pedicels villous and bristly, longer than bracts and bracteoles.
Petals white or yellow, c. twice as long as sepals, with broad limb contracting abruptly into narrow claw.
Calyx rather leathery, dorsally bristly near the base, divided into broadly ovate lobes 5–7 mm. long.
Fruit enclosed within persistent calyx, yellow when ripe; carpels subglabrous.
Robust scrambling shrub up to 6 m. tall, with very stout canes.
Stipules stiffly filiform.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in oak and pine forests between 1,000-2,400 m above sea level. They occur only in Bontoc and Benguet, Mountain Province in the Philippines growing on open slopes at 1300 to 1600 m altitude. In Nepal they grow from 1600-2300 m altitude and in Northeastern India between 2,000-2,800 m above sea level. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India.
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Shrubberies and open hillsides; at elevations up to 2,300 metres in the Himalayas. Dry slopes, montane valleys, sparse forests and thickets; at elevations from 1,000-2,600 metres.
Shrubberies and open hillsides; at elevations up to 2,300 metres in the Himalayas. Dry slopes, montane valleys, sparse forests and thickets; at elevations from 1,000-2,600 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw or made into preserves and jams. It is used for juice.
Uses breeding dye environmental use food gene source material medicinal ornamental
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Anticonvulsants (leaf), Anodyne (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from root offshoots or seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Rubus ellipticus leaf picture by Kamthenlal Dimngel (cc-by-sa)
Rubus ellipticus leaf picture by Ashuni Rae Pfuzhe (cc-by-sa)
Rubus ellipticus leaf picture by Kamthenlal Dimngel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rubus ellipticus fruit picture by Douglas Bachman (cc-by-sa)
Rubus ellipticus fruit picture by M Thiele (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rubus ellipticus world distribution map, present in Australia, Bhutan, China, Costa Rica, Ecuador, India, Jamaica, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Thailand, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Rubus ellipticus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:736826-1
WFO ID wfo-0001002128
COL ID 4TK2V
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rubus flavus Rubus ellipticus var. ellipticus Rubus ellipticus var. flavus Rubus ellipticus

Lower taxons

Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus