Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.

Japanese wineberry (en), Framboisier du japon (fr), Framboisier du Japon (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rubus

Characteristics

Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branches upright at first, finally scrambling, densely pubescent, with intermixed reddish brown bristles, stalked glands, and sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with intermixed reddish brown bristles, stalked glands, and sparse prickles; stipules linear, 5–8 mm, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs; blade of leaflets ovate, broadly ovate, or rhombic, rarely elliptic, 4–8(–10) × 2–5(–7) cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, bristly, stipitate glandular, with sparse, minute needle-like prickles, adaxially appressed pubescent or pubescent only along veins, base rounded to subcordate, margin irregularly rough serrate, usually incised, terminal leaflet often lobed, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, short racemes, few flowered, terminal racemes 6–10 cm, lateral ones shorter; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx densely pubescent, bristly, stipitate glandular; bracts lanceolate, 5–8 mm, pubescent, stipitate glandular, margin entire or apically 2-lobed. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm. Flowers 6–10 mm in diam. Sepals erect, lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 4–7 mm, apex caudate. Petals purplish red, obovate-spatulate or suborbicular, much longer than sepals, base long clawed and pubescent. Stamens many, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than petals. Pistils somewhat longer than stamens; ovary glabrous or puberulous. Aggregate fruit orange or red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes prominently rugose, pitted. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14.
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Shrubs, 10–20(–30) dm, armed. Stems ?biennial?, arching, sparsely to moderately hairy, long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect to hooked, slender, 2–8(–10) mm, slender-based; ?bristles dense, 2–6 mm, usually gland-tipped and reddish purple, glands ellipsoid to narrowly cup-shaped?. Leaves deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform, 5–12 mm; terminal leaflets broadly deltate or ovate to suborbiculate, 4–15 × 3.5–14 cm, base truncate, rounded, or shallowly cordate, unlobed or dentate to shallowly, sharply or bluntly 3-lobed, margins coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with scattered, erect to curved prickles on moderate-to large-sized veins, densely white-hairy, moderately to densely long-stipitate-glandular along veins. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, 5–30-flowered, cymiform to racemiform. Pedicels usually unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, densely long-stipitate-glandular. Flowers bisexual; petals white to pink, ovate to suborbiculate, 4–6 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. Fruits red to maroon, globose, 1–1.5 cm; drupelets 15–40, strongly coherent, separating from torus. 2n = 14.
Robust, suckering, scrambling shrub; stems terete, erect near base, distally trailing, up to 4 m high, hairy and densely covered in reddish, glandular bristles; armature of sparse, slender, mostly straight, flattened prickles. Lvs pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets rugose and slightly pilose to subglabrous on upper surface, white-tomentose on lower surface, unevenly 1-2-serrate and often lobed; terminal leaflet lamina broadly ovate to orbicular, (20)-70-130 × (20)-60-130 mm, acute to acuminate, rounded to cordate at base, with petiolule 1/4-1/2 length of lamina; stipules linear; uppermost lvs sometimes simple. Infl. a short, terminal panicle leafy at base; axis and branches pilose and with dense reddish, glandular bristles. Fls c. 15-35 mm diam. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, hairy and densely glandular, enclosing the fls and young fr. Petals orbicular, flat, pale pink to red. Fr. of orange-red to dark red drupelets, broad-conic to subglobose, c. 10-15 mm long.
Stems arching, to 2 m, armed with a few slender prickles, densely shaggy with long (3–5 mm), purple, glandular hairs, as also the petioles and infl; lfls 3, densely white-tomentose beneath, the terminal one broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at base, the lateral similar but much smaller; infl a many-fld cymose panicle; sep glandular-hairy; pet white, narrowly ovate, erect, much shorter than the sep; fr red, 1 cm thick, separating as a unit from the persistent receptacle; 2n=14. Native of e. Asia, well established as an escape from cult. in our range, especially along the Atlantic coast.
A shrub or climbing vine. It grows 1-3 m tall. It can spread 3 m wide. The branches are upright at first and scrambling later. They are densely hairy. They do not have thorns. The leaves have 3 leaflets and are broadly egg shaped. They have coarse teeth along the edge and are white and like felt underneath. The flowers are pink. The fruit are small round orange coloured berries. They are 1 cm across. The fruit are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is a hardy plant. It is often along the edges of rivers and lakes. It suits hardiness zones 5-9. In Sichuan.
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Waste places and clearings in lowland and mountains all over Japan. Roadsides and montane valleys; at low to medium elevations in China.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw when fully ripe. They are also made into jams and jellies or brewed into wine. They can be dried and used in muffins and in breakfast cereals.
Uses breeding dye food food dye gene source hedge medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds, cuttings or division of the roots.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Rubus phoenicolasius habit picture by Tom Schöning (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius habit picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius habit picture by Jenn (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Rubus phoenicolasius leaf picture by Matthew DreamsOfBunnies (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius leaf picture by B-Ray (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius leaf picture by Yanina Yanina (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rubus phoenicolasius flower picture by Marcia Tice (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius flower picture by katejlock (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius flower picture by joan levenson (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rubus phoenicolasius fruit picture by Matthew DreamsOfBunnies (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius fruit picture by Isabelle Wipf (cc-by-sa)
Rubus phoenicolasius fruit picture by Isabel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rubus phoenicolasius world distribution map, present in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Germany, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Slovakia, Slovenia, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:895791-1
WFO ID wfo-0001016934
COL ID 4TL9N
BDTFX ID 57894
INPN ID 119263
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rubus phoenicolasius var. aureiceps Rubus phoenicolasius var. concolor Rubus phoenicolasius var. albiflorus Rubus phoenicolasius