Rubus pinnatus Willd.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rubus

Characteristics

Shrub, usually 1.5-2.0 m tall. Primocanes arching or scrambling (then more than 4 m tall), terete, usually 4-7 mm diam., vinaceous, greyish pruinose and densely hairy (to sparsely tomentose) with short simple or stellate and longer simple hairs, with 7 to 25 prickles per 50 mm stem length; prickles unequal in size, strong and broad-based, slightly to distinctly curved, declinate, 1-6 mm long, 1-5 mm broad at base, ± concolourous with stem but less pruinose/tomentose, with brown or yellowish tip. Stipules filiform to narrowly lanceolate, 8-10 x ± 0.5-1.0 mm, adaxially sparsely hairy with long simple and rarely also stellate hairs to almost glabrous. Leaves on primocanes pinnate, exceptionally palmate-pinnate (i.e. with small additional leaflets), 5-to 7(9)-foliolate, usually light green, glabrous above and with only sparse simple hairs on veins beneath; leaflets broadly to narrowly ovate or elliptic, usually rugose, with rounded (to shallowly cordate) base, apex acute to long-acuminate, serration sharp, somewhat irregularly periodic to even (at apex), with primary incisions 1.5-2.0(-4.0) mm deep; petioles, petiolules and leaf axis pruinose and tomentose, petioles of varying length, longer or shorter than basal leaflets, with 9 to 18 broad-based curved prickles per 50 mm, petiolules prominent, 7-12 % of lamina length of lateral leaflets and 14-32% of lamina length of terminal leaflet. Inflorescence densely paniculate, 70-180 mm long, narrowly cylindrical to slightly pyramidal with erect to erecto-patent branches; leaves in inflorescence usually absent but sometimes up to six, pinnate, ternate or simple, gradually becoming smaller distally, similar to primocane leaves but more evenly dentate; bracts lanceolate to trifid; inflorescence axis densely hairy with subadpressed tufted hairs and patent longer hairs, with ± 12 to 35 prickles per 50 mm of axis length; prickles slender, sometimes slightly broad-based, distinctly curved and declinate, (0.5-)1.0-3.0 mm long; pedicels 4-8 mm long, densely hairy with short adpressed intertwined hairs and long semipatent hairs, with 3 to 34 slender subulate unequal prickles. Flowers many; sepals 6-9 mm long, usually erect to spreading after anthesis to ± adpressed to fruit, densely hairy with short adpressed intertwined hairs and long (sub)adpressed hairs, unarmed or with up to ± 10 unequal pricklets (some immersed in the hairs); petals pale pink, slightly to distinctly shorter than sepals, narrowly obovate, obovate or elipsoid, sometimes shallowly emarginate. Stamens unequal, mostly ± shorter than styles (inner series) or as long as or rarely longer (outer series); filaments white to pale pinkish. Carpels sparsely to densely hairy with stellate hairs on abaxial side, ovaries green; styles and stigmas pale to dark pink. Aggregate fruit semiglobose, green turning red and finally black at maturity.
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A variable sometimes scrambling widely spreading shrub up to 6 m. tall.. Flowering shoots with rather slender, greenish-red or red, subglabrous or tomentose stalks; prickles straight or hooked, glabrous or nearly so, up to 6 mm. long but often considerably less, sometimes congestedly numerous.. Leaves imparipinnate (2–4-jugate) or the uppermost trifoliolate; leaflets rather small, the terminal one often largest, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3–6.5 × 1.5–3.3 cm., acute or acuminate, basally rounded to cordate, sharply and sometimes ± deeply (up to 3 mm.) serrate or biserrate, green on both surfaces but paler beneath, usually glabrous but varying to thinly hairy, and usually with pubescent midrib and nerves on the under side.. Inflorescence a rather lax panicle varying from ± slender and cylindrical to stout and broadly pyramidal, up to 35 × 20 cm., with the lowest branchlets 12 cm. long or more; pedicels slender, 7–13 mm. long, tomentose, commonly aculeolate.. Calyx 5–8 mm. long, tomentose, rarely with a few stipitate glands or gland-tipped pricklets, deeply divided into greenish lobes 4–6.5 mm. long, irregularly spreading after anthesis.. Petals (if present) pink or white, ovate, obtuse, 4 × ± 2.5 mm.. Carpels densely tomentose varying to glabrous.. Fruit “yellow, red or rosy,” but probably black when ripe, edible.
Perennial shrub or scrambler, up to 6 m high. Leaves 2-4-jugate or uppermost ones ternate, thinly membranous; lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, terminal one with petiolule; ovate-acute to oblong-acuminate, margins serrate; glabrous. Stipules narrowly linear, occasionally with a few stipitate glands. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, narrowly pyramidal. Flowers: calyx occasionally glandular-hairy, divided into lanceolate-acuminate lobes; petals usually present although inconspicuous, narrow. Flowering time Aug.-Feb. Fruit globose, glabrous.
Leaflets ovate-acute to oblong-acuminate, with finely serrate margin; superior surface dark green, glabrous; inferior surface pale green, entirely glabrous or villous on main veins, the midrib not or finely aculeate, the lateral veins without prickles.
Leaves 10–19 x 8–12 cm., 2–4-jugate or the uppermost ones ternate, rather thin and membranous in texture; petiole and rhachis aculeate like the stems; lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, the terminal one with petiolule 0·5–2 cm. long.
A small bush or scrambler. It can grow 3.5 m high. The flowering branches have prickles. The leaves are 10-19 cm long by 8-12 cm wide. They are divided into leaflets. The flower petals are small but pink. The fruit are red.
Flowering branches glabrous or occasionally somewhat tomentose, dark reddish-brown, rarely whitish-pruinose below, with glabrous yellowish or brownish decurved prickles 2–5 mm. long.
Inflorescences terminal and axillary, (3)8–36 cm. long, narrowly pyramidal or pyramidal, usually much longer than the leaves, the branches spreading, greyish-tomentose.
Sprawling, thorny shrub to 2 m. Leaves 5-7-pinnate, leaflets elliptic and toothed. Flowers in small, velvety, terminal panicles, lilac. Fruits orange.
Scandent shrub. Leaves 7-9-foliolate. Leaflets green and glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces. Fruits orange. Flowers pink and mauve.
Calyx greyish-tomentose, very occasionally glandular-hairy, divided into lanceolate-acuminate lobes 5–8 mm. long.
Fruits globose, c. 0·6 mm. long, red when ripe; carpels relatively few (10–35), glabrous.
Petals usually present although inconspicuous, pink, narrow, shorter than the sepals.
Stipules narrowly linear, very occasionally with a few stipitate glands.
Straggling bush or scrambler up to c. 3·5 m. high.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in forests near streams. It grows between 1,100-2,230 m altitude. In Kenya it grows between 1,500-2,750 m altitude.
Light -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They are also used for jams.
Uses animal food environmental use food medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be used as a hedge plant.
Mode -
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Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 20
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Images

Rubus pinnatus unspecified picture

Distribution

Rubus pinnatus world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Portugal, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:739175-1
WFO ID wfo-0001016858
COL ID 6X9P4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rubus rungwensis Rubus pinnatus Rubus pinnatus f. subglandulosus Rubus kingaensis Rubus ledermannii Rubus pappei Rubus pinnatus var. defensus Rubus pinnatus var. subglandulosus Rubus pinnatus subsp. afrotropicus Rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus