Rubus saxatilis L.

Stone bramble (en), Ronce des rochers (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rubus

Characteristics

Herbs 20–60 cm tall. Stems greenish brown, terete, slender; sterile stems creeping, with minute needle-like prickles, sparsely pubescent, sometimes with stalked glands. Leaves usually compound and 3-foliolate, rarely simple and divided; petiole 2–3.5 cm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles; lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm; stipules free, on flowering branches ovate or elliptic, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, on creeping branches narrower, lanceolate or linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire; blade of leaflets ovate-rhombic or oblong-rhombic, terminal leaflet 5–7 cm, slightly longer than lateral leaflets, both surfaces pubescent, more densely so along veins abaxially, base subcuneate or obliquely subcuneate, margin often coarsely doubly serrate, rarely incised-serrate, lateral leaflets sometimes 2-lobed, apex acute. Inflorescences corymbs or flowers several in clusters; peduncles unequal in length, shorter ones ca. 5 mm, longer ones to 3 cm; bracts ovate or elliptic, rarely linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire. Pedicel 6–10 mm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles, often with stalked glands. Flowers less then 1 cm in diam. Calyx turbinate, sometimes pelviform in fruit, abaxially pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, spatulate or oblong, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, base clawed, erect. Stamens many, much shorter than petals; filaments erect, base inflated, apex subulate, incurved. Pistils 5 or 6, nearly equaling stamens. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with larger drupelets; pyrenes oblong, alveolate-pitted. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28.
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Herbs or subshrubs, to 4 dm, armed or unarmed. Stems usually creeping, ?± woody basally?, sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles absent or sparse, erect, weak, 1–3 mm, narrow-based. Leaves deciduous, ternate; stipules ?free from petioles?, lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 6–11 mm; ?petiole 2–11 cm; petiolule of terminal leaflet 8–20 mm; lateral leaflet sessile or subsessile?; terminal leaflets ovate to elliptic, 4–8 × 3–7 cm, base tapered, unlobed, ?lateral leaflets sometimes shallowly lobed?, margins coarsely doubly serrate, apex acute, abaxial surfaces unarmed, sparsely hairy, eglandular. Inflorescences axillary, 1–6-flowered, cymiform or umbelliform. Pedicels unarmed or prickles weak, erect, hairy, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular. Flowers bisexual; petals greenish white, narrowly obovate, 5.5–7 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. Fruits red, globose, 0.5–1.5 cm; drupelets 1–10, not or weakly coherent, separating with torus attached. 2n = 28.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 10-15 cm high. The canes can be 40-100 cm long and the fruiting canes extend upwards. The stems have hairs and thorns. The leaves are compound with 3 leaflets. The leaf stalks are long. There are thin thorns under the leaf. There are 3-10 white flowers in groups. The fruit are red berries. They are 5 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.8
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Stony woods and by shady rocks, especially on basic rocks. Birch scrub, talus slopes at elevations up to 1,300 metres in Greenland. Forests (usually shady), shrubby formations, bluffs, stony mountain slopes, bogs.
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It grows in Arctic and temperate places. In Kazakhstan it grows on stony mountain slopes. In northern China it grows below 3,000 m above sea level.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-6

Usage

The fruit are eaten with sugar. They are used to make a hot drink. They are also fermented. They are also used for jam and juice. The leaves are used for a tea drink.
Uses breeding dye food medicinal tea
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Cancer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Rubus saxatilis habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Rubus saxatilis habit picture by 3bbo (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis habit picture by Waldmann Stephanie (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Rubus saxatilis leaf picture by K-J R (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis leaf picture by Rosie DANIEL (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis leaf picture by roberto (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rubus saxatilis flower picture by Karl Raffalt (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis flower picture by Josef Züger (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis flower picture by Nina Autant (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rubus saxatilis fruit picture by Nina (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis fruit picture by Sergio Ricardo (cc-by-sa)
Rubus saxatilis fruit picture by PaolaTS (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rubus saxatilis world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:739981-1
WFO ID wfo-0001016374
COL ID 4TLLM
BDTFX ID 58415
INPN ID 119318
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Selnorition saxatilis Rubus ruber Cylactis saxatilis Rubus fragaria Rubus saxatilis