Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

Rain tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Samanea

Characteristics

Tree to 25 m, with a large crown spreading to 33 m in a complete canopy, d.b.h. to at least 100 cm. Branchlets puberulous to tomentose. Leaves: rachis to 40 cm, with gland(s) just below the junction of the basal pair of pinnae and distally at all other pairs of pinnae, circular, concave, sessile, c. 0.5 mm in diameter; pinnae 3-9 pairs, to 11 cm, with glands at the junctions of the leaflets; leaflets 2-10 pairs per pinna, asymmetrically, ovate, elliptic or subrhomboid, base half rounded/ half truncate, apex rounded or obtuse, often emar-ginate and mucronulate; main vein diagonal, lateral veins densely reticulate, raised, upper surface glabrous, lower surface densely short-pubescent. Inflorescence: peduncles densely shortly yellowish pubescent, 2-5 together in the distal leaf-axils, 5-10 cm long, bearing a terminal corymb. Marginal flowers c. 3 cm, pedicellate; calyx funnel-shaped, 5-7 mm, tomentose or woolly; teeth broadly triangular, acute, 0.5-1 mm; corolla red or yellowish-red, funnel-shaped, c. 10-12 mm, distal part tomentose or woolly; lobes triangular-ovate, c. 2 mm; stamens white at base, purple toward the top, 20-35 cm, tube shorter than the corolla-tube; ovary sessile, glabrous. Central flower sessile; corolla to 12 mm; staminal tube longer than the corolla. Pod black, oblong, 15-20 by 1.5-2.3 cm, inside transversely septate. Seeds brown, elliptic, strongly biconvex, c. 8 by 5 by 4 mm; areole elliptic, c. 7 by 3 mm.
More
Trees, 10-25 m tall. Branchlets puberulent to tomentose. Petiole 15-40 cm; pinnae 3-5(or 6) pairs, to 15 cm; glands at junctions of pinnae and leaflets; leaflets 3-8 pairs per pinna, asymmetrically oblong, 2-4 × 1-1.8 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially shiny, base half rounded, half truncate, apex rounded or obtuse, often emarginate and mucronulate. Heads 1-5, to­gether axillary, 5-6 cm in diam.; peduncles 5-6 cm. Marginal flowers pedicellate; calyx funnel-shaped, ca. 6 mm; corolla red or yellowish red, ca. 1.2 cm; stamens white at base, purple toward apex, ca. 3.5 cm; staminal tube shorter than corolla tube. Central flowers sessile; corolla to 1.2 cm; staminal tube longer than corolla. Legume black, oblong, compressed, 10-20 × 1.2-2.5 cm, sutures thickened, septate between seeds. Seeds brown, ellipsoidal, ca. 8 × 5 mm. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Dec.
Tree to 25 m tall, velvety in most parts. Leaves: axes with sessile glands at insertion of pinnae and smaller ones at leaflet pairs; pinnae 3-9-jugate, oblanceolate-oblong. Leaflets 2-10-jugate, pairs per pinnae progressively fewer towards lamina base, oval (basal) to inequilaterally oblong or obovate and obtuse (apical), 1.5-4.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, basal pairs smaller, glabrous above, velutinous beneath. Inflorescences fasciculate in apical axils; peduncles 4.5-10 cm long. Flowers with pedicels 2-3 mm long; calyx 5-9 mm long; corolla 10-16 mm long. Pod narrowly oblong, 15-22 cm long, 15-23 mm wide, woody, minutely puberulous. Seeds elliptic to oblong, biconvex, 8-12 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide, 4-5 mm thick.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry lowland grassland, coastal bushland and forest. Dry forest and grass savannah, or at the margins of seasonally dry deciduous and semi-deciduous forest as well as moister evergreen woodland and savannah
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 1-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses The 'Rain Tree' is widely cultivated as an ornamental and together with the 'Flamboyant' (Delonix regia Raf.) belongs to the most common street trees; both are characterized by a broad umbrella-shaped crown. A good honey plant. Pods used as fodder for cattle, pigs and goats. The wood is used for furniture, general construction, boxes, crates etc., but is not durable.
Uses alcohol animal food bee plant charcoal coffee substitute environmental use fodder food forage fuel gene source gum invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental poison shade social use spice tea timber wood
Edible fruits leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Headache (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Cancer(Stomach) (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root), Spermatocidal agents (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Samanea saman leaf picture by @@RAJU @@RAJU (cc-by-sa)
Samanea saman leaf picture by Tony Mick Comerford d'Aunou (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Samanea saman flower picture by Arnaud loup (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Samanea saman world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Suriname, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and Zambia

Conservation status

Samanea saman threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:227126-2
WFO ID wfo-0000194888
COL ID 6XGBZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 453188
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pithecellobium salutare Feuilleea saman Albizia saman Inga saman Pithecellobium saman Enterolobium saman Acacia propinqua Inga cinerea Inga salutaris Mimosa saman Mimosa pubifera Calliandra saman Albizia saman Albizzia saman Albizia flavovirens Pithecellobium saman var. saman Pithecellobium cinereum Pithecolobium saman Zygia saman Samanea saman