Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Goodeniaceae > Scaevola

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees, to 7 m tall, erect or diffuse. Twigs 5-10 mm in diam., sometimes rooting, hollow, usually glabrous but axils with a tuft of dense white barbate trichomes. Leaves spirally arranged, mostly aggregated at apex of branches, sessile or shortly petiolate; leaf blade spatulate to obovate, 10-22 × 4-8 cm, slightly succulent, glabrous or abaxially sparsely villous, base cuneate, apex rounded, truncate, or emarginate. Cymes axillary; bracts and bracteoles small, with a tuft of barbate trichomes in axils. Pedicel with a joint at apex. Calyx glabrous; tube obovoid; lobes linear-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm. Corolla white to pale yellow or purple, ca. 2 cm; tube thinly tubular, posterior side divided to base, outside glabrous, inside densely white villous; limb patent; lobes lanceolate, thickened at center, each side with a wide membranous and induplicate wing above middle, margin sparsely ciliate. Anthers connivent into a tube with basal part of indusium, becoming free after anthesis; connective longer than cells, becoming lamellar at apex. Drupe white, ovoid-globose, 7-10 mm in diam., divided longitudinally by furrows into 2 parts each 4-ribbed, 2-locular; locules each with 1 seed. Fl. and fr. Apr-Dec. 2n = 16.
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Erect, spreading shrub or small tree to 4 (–5) m high. Leaves alternate or ± whorled: lamina obtuse, oblong to obovate to oblanceolate, tapering basally into petiole, obtuse to rounded or sometimes emarginate at apex, 4–23 cm long, 2–9 (–11) cm wide, usually entire (sometimes obscurely denticulate towards apex), thick, ± fleshy, glabrescent (silky to glabrous), shiny; axillary hairs long, silky or woolly; petiole absent or to 2 cm long. Flowers in axillary cymes; peduncle 5–20 mm long; bracteoles lanceolate-ovate, 2–8 mm long; pedicel 2–12 mm long. Sepals oblong-linear or narrowly lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, free (calyx tube cup-shaped to campanulate, 3–6 mm long, silky; lobes narrowly oblanceolate to linear, 3–5 mm long, fide Telford 1993: 392). Corolla 14–28 mm long, glabrous or pubescent/silky outside, densely bearded inside, white to cream to pale lilac, the veins often purple; barbulae flat, with long apical hairs; wings to 1.5 mm wide, laciniate. Indusium glabrous above or sparsely hairy. Fruit ovoid, globular or subglobose to obovoid, 7–13 (–18) mm long, grooved, ribbed, whitish, glabrous or silky hairy.
A shrub with many branches. It grows 3 m high. The wood is soft and pale green. The leaves are glossy and oblong. They are thick and leathery. They are rounded at the tip and narrow at the base. They are 5-20 cm long by 4-7 cm wide. The flowers are in the axils of leaves. They are white and paper like and have 5 lobes. These are about 1 cm long. The flowering groups are 2-5 cm long. The fruit is round and 1 cm long. It is white and fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 3.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Beach vegetation, behind strand line, shrubland, coastal sand dunes, edges of beach forest, littoral rainforest, in mangroves. Grows on coralline limestone cliff tops on Christmas Island. On Cocos (Keeling) Islands grows in strand shrub or forest communities with Argusia argentea in calcareous sand and coral rubble, and common in regrowth in Cocos plantations. (Telford 1993).
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Usually confined to the seashore, restricted to sandy beaches or rock and coral outcrops. It is occasionally found inland on Pacific atolls in sunny disturbed habitats and on rock faces.
A tropical plant. They occur on tropical seashores. It needs sandy, well-drained soils. It needs full sun. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Various parts of the plant used by Aboriginal people for medicinal purposes, T. Low, Bush Medicine (1990); E.V. Lassak & T. McCarthy, Australian Medicinal Plants (1983: 138); Aboriginal Communities of the Northern Territory of Australia, Traditional Bush Medicines (1988: 194–195). The leaves are eaten as a green vegetable by Pacific Islanders in spite of the bitter taste, the pith from branches has been used to make paper in SE Asia, and other uses of the plant are described by (Pike & Leach 1997: 37–38).
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The leaves are used to wrap food in earth ovens. The leaves are eaten as a vegetable.
Uses dye medicinal wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Cough (fruit), Fever (fruit), Headache (fruit), Sleep aids, pharmaceutical (fruit), Toothache (fruit), Asthma (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Contraceptive agents (leaf), Cough (leaf), Fractures, bone (leaf), Tuberculosis (leaf), Astringents (root), Dysentery (root), Sexually transmitted diseases (root), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Beri-Beri (unspecified), Cataract (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Earache (unspecified), Eye infections (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from fresh seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Scaevola taccada unspecified picture

Distribution

Scaevola taccada world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Pakistan, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1074372-2
WFO ID wfo-0001065157
COL ID 6XSJ2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448355
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Scaevola taccada Scaevola billardieri Scaevola latevaga Scaevola frutescens var. sericea Scaevola lobelia var. sericea