Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

Shoreline seapurslane (en), Pourpier de mer (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Aizoaceae > Sesuvioideae > Sesuvieae > Sesuvium

Characteristics

Herbaceous perennials, glabrous throughout, the branches trailing and often rooting at the nodes, sometimes rather stout. Leaves linear, elliptic or narrowly obovate, 1-5 cm. long, 0.2-1.0 cm. broad, subacute to acute at the apex, gradually tapered to the base; petiole 1-5 mm. long, dilated at the base and clasping the stem but the sheaths not connate. Inflorescence axillary, the flowers solitary, pink; pedicel 2-11 mm. long. Flowers with the perianth tube obconic to subcampanu-late, 1.5-3.0 mm. long, the lobes ovate, 4-7 mm. long, 3.0-4.5 mm. broad, some-what auriculate at the perianth tube orifice, persistent and somewhat reflexed in fruit, appendage horn-like, 1.0-1.5 mm. long; stamens numerous, inserted at the orifice of the perianth tube, free or subconnate, the filaments 1.5-3.5 mm. long, gradually tapering to the apex, the anthers oblong, 0.5-0.75 mm. long, 0.25-0.5 mm. broad; ovary ovoid to subglobose, 3.0-3.5 mm. long, 2.5-3.0 mm. in diameter, the styles 3 or 4, 1.5 3.5 mm. long spreading or erect. Capsule ovoid or obovoid, about 6.5 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, circumscissile below the middle; seeds 8-30, lenticular-reniform, about 1.0-1.5 mm. in diameter, the testa smooth, black.
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Perennial herb, glabrous; stem much branched, terete, trailing up to 2 m (often less), often rooting at nodes. Petiole 1-12 mm long; blade often seemingly with salt-exuding hydathode glands above, oblong, elliptical, narrowly oblanceolate, linear-oblong or linear, 1-5(-7) x 0.2-2.5 cm, apex obtuse to acute, base clasping and often overlapping; venation indistinct. Flowers solitary, on a glabrous pedicel to 2 cm long; perianth-tube obconic to subcampanulate, 1.5-3 mm long, lobes lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 4-10 x 2-6 mm, thickened, outside usually prominently veined and green, appendage 1-2 mm long, inside pink, lilac or pinkish-purple, margin scarious pink or hyaline; stamens numerous (ca. 25), unequal, included, inserted at orifice of perianth-tube, filaments 1.5-5 mm long, free above, connate below in a skirt-like tube, anthers reddish, oblong, 0.5-1 x 0.25-0.5 mm; ovary ovoid to subglobose, 3-4 x 2.5-3(-4) mm, styles 3-4, linear, free except at very base. Capsule ovoid, obovoid or conical, 6-11 x 3-6 mm, circumscissile below middle; seeds 8-30, lenticular-reniform or orbicular, black, smooth, shiny, ca. 1-1.5 mm wide, aril membranous, transparent.
Perennial, prostrate or creeping herb, with a strong taproot, often much branched and densely caespitose, quite glabrous. Stems rooting from the nodes, terete, rather thick, solid, succulent, green or very often red, 20-80 cm long. Leaves mostly lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or linear, less often oblong, broadest above the middle, very succulent, flat above, convex underneath, green or, at the base, red, finely pale-punctate, 25-70 by 6-15 mm. Petioles 7-15 mm long, dilated at the base into a scarious semi-amplexicaul sheath. Flowers solitary in the leaf-axils. Pedicels thickened upwards, ½-1½ cm long, rarely longer. Perianth 8-10 mm long, 5-cleft to far below the middle. Segments with a dorsal, subapical, erect, subulate, obtuse, fleshy, ± 1½ mm long apiculus; the parts exposed in bud fleshy, green outside, overlapped margins membranous pink, inside of perianth pink. Stamens ∞, filaments free, pink or pinkish violet, shorter than the perianth-lobes, anthers darker-coloured. Ovary glabrous, 3-or sometimes 4-celled. Styles as many as cells, white. Capsule included by the perianth, oblong, 9-11 mm long. Seeds long-funicled, shin-ing black.
Suberect herb; stems to 1 m long, thick, smooth; nodes distant. Leaves linear, lanceolate or oblanceolate, connate at base, 10–70 mm long, 2–15 mm wide, smooth, fleshy, glossy green. Pedicels 3–15 mm long, thickening upwards. Perianth tube 3 mm long; lobes triangular, 6–9 mm long, with scarious margins, with a distinct fleshy dorsal mucro behind apex c. 1.5 mm long, green outside, pink to purple inside. Stamens numerous; filaments c. 6 mm long. Ovary ovoid; styles 3, c. 4 mm long; locules 3; ovules several per locule. Operculum subovoid, c. 8 mm long; smooth. Seeds several, pea-shaped to comma-shaped, c. 1.5 mm diam., smooth, black.
Herbs perennial. Stems prostrate or creeping, green or red, 20-50 cm, much branched, often rooting from nodes, with white bladder cells. Leaves linear-oblanceolate or elliptical, 1.5-5 cm × 2-10 mm, below middle attenuate, base broadened into membranous margins clasping stem. Pedicel 5-20 mm. Flowers solitary. Perigone 6-8 mm; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, outside green, inside pink. Stamens 15-20, connate with perigone tube below middle. Ovary obovate, glabrous; stigmas 3-5. Capsule obovate, shorter than perigone. Seeds shiny black. Fl. Apr-Jul. 2n = 36, 40, ca. 48.
Plants perennial, glabrous. Stems prostrate, forming mats to 2 m diam., branched; rooting at nodes. Leaves: petiole ± absent; blade oblanceolate to elliptic-ovate, to 6 × 2.5 cm, tapered to clasping base. Inflorescences: flowers solitary; pedicel to 20 mm. Flowers: calyx lobes pink-purple adaxially, with subapical abaxial appendages, ovate to lanceolate, 3-10 mm; stamens 30; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary 5-loculed; styles 5. Capsules conic, 10 mm. Seeds 30-60, black, 1.2-1.5 mm, shiny, smooth.
A sprawling herb. This is a low lying fleshy plant. The stems are reddish at the nodes and 20 to 50 cm long with short upright branches. The stems are thick. The leaves are oblong and narrow. They can be 1-7 cm long by 2-15 mm wide. They are fleshy and glossy green. The flowers are small and pink or red. They are star like and have 5 petals. The occur singly in the axils of leaves. There are several pea shaped seeds. They are 1.5 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. It grows on mud flats and sand. It is often associated with mangroves. It occurs in paddy fields. It grows along the sea shore in the Philippines. It occurs along all coasts of Africa. It is very salt tolerant. It grows in the lowlands.
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Saline, clayey or sandy, humid or muddy localities near the sea and along tidal creeks between 0 en 1 m above sealevel, often in dense patches; frequently conspicuous by bright red stems.
Coastal dunes and beaches. Maritime shores at about high water-level, in saline beach-dunes in the littoral, marshes, lagoons and disturbed locations in coastal areas.
Found on mudflats or in sand, often associatedwith mangroves.
Coastal dunes and beaches.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Young leaves are cooked and eaten. (Because they are salty sometimes the water needs to be changed.) They are also eaten raw with fish sauces. They are also pickled.
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Uses. Furnishes an inferior vegetable, edible only after having been repeatedly cooked (in order to remove the salt taste).
Uses animal food environmental use food food additive gene source medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Gonorrhea (leaf), Hemostasis (leaf), Scurvy (leaf), Emollient (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from cuttings or seeds. It is best in well drained sandy soils. A spacing of 75-150 cm is suitable.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Sesuvium portulacastrum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Sesuvium portulacastrum habit picture by Renato Lima (cc-by-sa)
Sesuvium portulacastrum habit picture by Gabriel Ollivier (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Sesuvium portulacastrum leaf picture by Renato Lima (cc-by-sa)
Sesuvium portulacastrum leaf picture by Renato Lima (cc-by-sa)
Sesuvium portulacastrum leaf picture by Renato Lima (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Sesuvium portulacastrum flower picture by jenisa barr (cc-by-sa)
Sesuvium portulacastrum flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Sesuvium portulacastrum flower picture by McClure Laura (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sesuvium portulacastrum world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Australia, Bahamas, Brazil, China, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Kiribati, Malaysia, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, and United States of America

Conservation status

Sesuvium portulacastrum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316352-2
WFO ID wfo-0000432992
COL ID 4WZYT
BDTFX ID 103052
INPN ID 446885
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aizoon montevidense Trianthema polyandra Psammanthe marina Sesuvium spathulatum Sesuvium distylum Sesuvium edule Sesuvium sessiliflorum Sesuvium repens Sesuvium portulaca Sesuvium parviflorum Sesuvium longifolium Sesuvium pedunculatum Halimus maritima Halimus portulacastrum Sesuvium microphyllum Pyxipoma polyandrum Sesuvium portulacastrum f. albiflorum Aizoon canariense Trianthema americana Portulaca portulacastrum Portulaca portulacastrum Trianthema grisea Sesuvium uvifolium Sesuvium portulacastrum var. griseum Sesuvium portulacastrum var. pedunculatum Sesuvium portulacastrum var. revolutum Sesuvium portulacastrum var. subsessile Trianthema portulacastrum var. hildebrandii Sesuvium portulacastrum

Lower taxons

Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum