Sida cordifolia L.

Ilima (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Sida

Characteristics

Erect annual or perhaps sometimes perennial suffrutex 0.5-1 m tall; stems stellate-pubescent and usually with additional patent simple hairs up to 3 mm long, ultimately glabrous. Leaf-lamina 3-7 x 1-4 cm, broadly ovate-to suborbicular-subcordate, apex usually obtuse to rounded less often acute to acuminate, margin irregularly crenate, base somewhat cordate to rounded, ± densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, lower surface paler and with a denser indumentum of longer hairs, upper surface sometimes glabrescent; petiole 1-3 cm long, stellate-tomentose and often with additional longer patent hairs; stipules c. 5 mm long, filiform, weak. Flowers bright yellow, fasciculate, mainly towards the tips of the branches or, on terminal and lateral branches bearing small leaves, in a subspicate inflorescence, or sometimes solitary in the axils of the lower leaves; pedicels 4-20 mm long, the longer ones articulated near the apex. Calyx 4-6 x 8 mm, campanulate-cupuliform, densely and softly tomentose, lobed to about the middle; lobes triangular. Petals c. 7 mm long. Staminal tube hirsute. Mericarps 8-12 (normally 10), usually c. 7 mm long, somewhat strigose and birostrate at the apex; awns 3-4(6) mm long, exceeding the calyx, erect, finely retrorse-hispid. Seeds c. 2 x 2 mm, glabrous except for some hairs around the hilum.
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Subshrubs or shrubs, to 1.5 m. Stems erect, stellate-tomentose. Leaves: stipules free from petiole, 1-veined, linear, 5–8 mm, shorter than petiole; petiole 10–25 mm, to 1/2 length of blade, stellate-tomentose; blade broadly cordate to ovate-lanceolate, to 6 cm, reduced distally, 1–2 times longer than wide, base cordate, margins dentate to base, apex acute, surfaces softly velvety-tomentose. Inflorescences axillary, usually subsessile, crowded panicles or corymbs, sometimes solitary flowers. Pedicels 0.2–0.4 cm, enlarging slightly in fruit, shorter than calyx. Flowers: calyx prominently ribbed, 6–7 mm, densely stellate-tomentose, lobes ovate; petals yellow-orange, often with darker reddish base, 8–11 mm; staminal column hairy; style 8–14-branched. Schizocarps oblate-conic, 6–7 mm diam., apically hairy; mericarps 8–14, 4–5 mm, dorsally smooth, apex spined, spines to 2 mm, retrorsely barbed (variably developed, rarely suppressed). 2n = 28.
Subshrubs erect, ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets, stipules, petioles, and leaves densely stellate strigose; branchlets and petioles velutinous, hairs ca. 3 mm. Stipule filiform, ca. 5 mm; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, 1.5-5 × 1-4 cm, abaxially velutinous on veins, base minutely cordate or rounded, margin crenate, apex obtuse to rounded. Flower solitary or fascicled, axillary or terminal. Pedicel 5-15 mm, densely stellate pilose and with long hairs, articulate in distal part. Calyx cup-shaped, lobes triangular, 5-6 mm, densely stellate pilose and with long hairs. Corolla yellow, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; petals oblong, 6-8 mm. Filament tube ca. 6 mm, hirsute. Schizocarp 6-8 mm in diam.; mericarps 10, with vertical grooves, apex 2-awned, awn 3-4 mm, exceeding calyx, retrorsely barbed. Seeds long ovoid, apex hairy. Fl. year-round.
Leaf-lamina 3–7 × 1–4 cm., broadly ovate-to suborbicular-subcordate, apex usually obtuse to rounded less often acute to acuminate, margin irregularly crenate, base somewhat cordate to rounded, ± densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, lower surface paler and with a denser indumentum of longer hairs, upper surface sometimes glabrescent; petiole 1–3 cm. long, stellate-tomentose and often with additional longer patent hairs; stipules c. 5 mm. long, filiform, weak.
An erect woody shrub about 0.4 to 1 m high. It keeps growing from year to year. It is covered with short hairs mixed with long hairs. These make the plant feel soft. The leaf stalk is 1-2.5 cm long. The leaves are one after the other and heart shaped at the base. They are toothed at the edge and 1.5 to 4.5 cm long. The flowers are yellow and occur in the axils of the leaves. The fruit are about 6-8 mm across. They have 20 fine bristles on the top.
Flowers bright yellow, fasciculate, mainly towards the tips of the branches or, on terminal and lateral branches bearing small leaves, in a subspicate inflorescence, or sometimes solitary in the axils of the lower leaves; pedicels 4–20 mm. long, the longer ones articulated near the apex.
Annual or perennial herb or shrub, 0.5-1.0 m high. Leaves broadly ovate-to suborbicular-subcordate. Flowers clustered in upper axils. Mericarps with 2 long erect awns covered with short, reflexed, stiff hairs. Flowers yellow.
Erect annual or perhaps sometimes perennial suffrutex 0·5–1 m. tall; stems stellate-pubescent and usually with additional patent simple hairs up to 3 mm. long, ultimately glabrous.
Mericarps 8–12 (normally 10), usually c. 7 mm. long, somewhat strigose and birostrate at the apex; awns 3–4 (6) mm. long, exceeding the calyx, erect, finely retrorse-hispid.
Calyx 4–6 × 8 mm., campanulate-cupuliform, densely and softly tomentose, lobed to about the middle; lobes triangular.
Seeds c. 2 × 2 mm., glabrous except for some hairs around the hilum.
An erect, softly downy perennial, up to 5 ft. high
Staminal tube hirsute.
Petals c. 7 mm. long.
Bright yellow flowers
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. They occur in open waste places and are common and widely distributed in the Philippines. It occurs in the tropics and subtropics. It grows on the Deccan in India. It grows in hot arid places with a marked dry season. It grows in places with an annual rainfall below 520 mm. It grows in dry sandy soils. It can grow in salty soils. It grows below 1,100 m above sea level. In Colombia it grows between 10-2,230 m above sea level. It can tolerate shade. It grows in savannah woodland and wet grass savannah. It can grow in arid places. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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A weed of wasteland. Usually grows as a weed of agricultural land and waste places, but also found in disturbed areas and along roads in rain forest, monsoon forest and vine thickets; at elevations up to 800 metres in Australia.
Common in waste and sandy places.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are edible cooked. They are cooked with alkali solution and dried fish and eaten in curry.
Uses animal food fiber food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Hematologic diseases (bark), Hemorrhoids (bark), Mental disorders (bark), Tuberculosis, pulmonary (bark), Urinary tract infections (bark), Cooling effect on body (bark), Antipyretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Asthma (root), Astringents (root), Cystitis (root), Diuretics (root), Dysentery (root), Facial paralysis (root), Fever (root), Gonorrhea (root), Heart diseases (root), Hematuria (root), Hemiplegia (root), Hypertension (root), Leukorrhea (root), Nervous system diseases (root), Paralysis (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Sciatica (root), Urination disorders (root), Wounds and injuries (root), Aphrodisiacs (seed), Colic (seed), Gonorrhea (seed), Hematologic diseases (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Irritable bowel syndrome (seed), Mental disorders (seed), Nervous system diseases (seed), Amebiasis (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Elephantiasis (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Hematuria (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), Protisticide (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sciatica (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Strangury (unspecified), Tenesmus (unspecified), Toilet-Paper (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Cystitis (unspecified), Hemiplegia (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Immunostimulant (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Disorder of ejaculation (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Irritable bowel syndrome (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urologic diseases (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Antipyretics (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Asthenia (whole plant), Cystitis (whole plant), Demulcents (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Dysuria (whole plant), Disorder of ejaculation (whole plant), Facial paralysis (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Hematuria (whole plant), Hemiplegia (whole plant), Leukorrhea (whole plant), Nervous system diseases (whole plant), Polyuria (whole plant), Sciatica (whole plant), Urination disorders (whole plant), Uterine diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Sida cordifolia leaf picture by ismael asum (cc-by-sa)
Sida cordifolia leaf picture by Narendra Sahu (cc-by-sa)
Sida cordifolia leaf picture by Abinala Shonga (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Sida cordifolia flower picture by Muhammad Ahmad Bakari (cc-by-sa)
Sida cordifolia flower picture by Vishal Patel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sida cordifolia world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Sudan, Singapore, El Salvador, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:563600-1
WFO ID wfo-0000501705
COL ID 4X7TD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 445767
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sida ciliosa Sida portoricensis Abutilon truncatum Malvastrum cordifolium Sida borbonica Sida byssina Sida vestita Sida hongkongensis Sida truncata Sida velutina Sida rotundifolia Sida herbacea Sida rotundifolia Sida micans Sida conferta Sida decagyna Malvinda cordifolia Sida subspicata Sida pungens Sida waltheriaefolia Sida vellozoana Sida holosericea Sida aristata Sida cordifolia var. altheifolia Sida cordifolia var. conferta Sida cordifolia

Lower taxons

Sida cordifolia subsp. maculata Sida cordifolia var. serrata