Sium suave Walter

Hemlock waterparsnip (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Sium

Characteristics

Plants 60–120 cm, stout. Root fibrous or fascicled, fusiform. Leaf blade oblong or ovate, 6–25 × 7–10 cm; pinnae 3–9 pairs; leaflets lanceolate or linear, 10–40 × 3–15 mm, margin serrate. Upper leaves smaller, 3-lobed or entire, sessile on expanded sheaths. Umbels 4–8 cm across, terminal on stem and branches; bracts 6–10, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3–15 mm, entire or incised; rays (8–)10–20, 1.5–3 cm, unequal; bracteoles 5–10, linear-lanceolate, 1–3 mm, entire; umbellules 10–20-flowered; pedicels 3–5 mm. Calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate or minute triangular, 0.5–2 mm. Fruit ovoid, ca. 3 × 2 mm, ribs prominent, corky, thickened, narrowly winged; vittae 1–3 in each furrow, 2–6 on commissure. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
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Fibrous-rooted from a very short erect crown; stem solitary, angular, stout, to 2 m; principal lvs with 7–17 linear to lance-ovate lfls 5–10 cm, sharply serrate, the primary lateral veins bearing no obvious relationship to the teeth or sinuses; submersed lvs, if present, bipinnately dissected; umbels 3–12 cm wide; bracts and bractlets usually 5 or 8; fr oval, 2–3 mm, nearly as wide; carpophore wanting; 2n=12. Sunny wet meadows and swamps; Nf. to Alas. and Siberia, s. to Fla. and Calif. July–Sept. (S. floridanum, a lax shade-form; S. carsonii, a lax aquatic form with few lfls or even simple lvs)
A herb that keeps growing from year to year. It grows 50-120 cm high. The stems are stout and ribbed. A cluster of long, fleshy roots arise from the base of the stem. The leaves are alternate and compound. They have 7-13 leaflets that have fine teeth along the edge. These are 4-10 cm long. The flowers are small and white. They are in umbrella shaped heads.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.9 - 1.2
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in swampy places and near the edges of ponds.
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Meadows, wet thickets, muddy banks etc. Swamps and wet areas in Texas.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 5-9
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-6

Usage

Caution. The flower-tops may be poisonous. It could also be confused with other plants that are poisonous. The long fleshy roots are eaten raw or cooked. The leaves are eaten as a relish.
Uses forage medicinal poison
Edible leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use Poison (flower), Analgesic (root), Anticonvulsive (root), Orthopedic Aid (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Hunting Medicine (seed), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Sium suave leaf picture by Joseph Littlehorn (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sium suave world distribution map, present in Canada, China, Japan, Liberia, Mongolia, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Taiwan, Province of China, and United States of America

Conservation status

Sium suave threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:849061-1
WFO ID wfo-0000431479
COL ID 4XTYT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Sium suave Sium turfosum Siumis heterophyla Sium tenuifolium Sium rugosum Sium ovatum Falcaria dahurica Apium cicutifolia Critamus dauricus Sium cicutifolium Apium cicutifolium Sium nipponicum Sium suave f. suave Sium formosanum Sium heterophyllum Cicuta dahurica Sium californicum Sium lineare Sium suave var. floridanum

Lower taxons

Sium suave f. carsonii