Sonchus dregeanus Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Sonchus

Characteristics

Plante vivace, herbacée, 12-90 cm de hauteur, ramifiée surtout … la base, feuilles ±en rosette. Rhizome cylindrique, ligneux, plein, 3-12 mm diam., portant des racines fibreuses fines. Collet ligneux, ramifié. Tige cylindrique, herbacée, creuse, 2-6 mm diam., glabre, lisse ou … cannellures fines. Feuilles du collet glabres, en rosette, 4-18 x 0.3-1.0 cm (… l'exclusion des lobes), oblancéolées, étroitement elliptiques ou linéaires; entières, pinnatifides ou pennipartites; lobes triangulaires ou étroitement triangulaires, 3-10 x 2-5 mm, marges entières ou légèrement denticulées, bases légèrement engaînantes, sommet aigu ou acuminé. Feuilles caulinaires largement espacées surtout vers le sommet, étroitement elliptiques … étroitement rectangulaires, moins séquées que celles du collet, bases engaînantes, auriculées, oreillettes triangulaires, aigues, sommet acuminé, marges entières ou légèrement denticulées. Pédoncule 0.2-8 cm, … 1-3 bractées triangulaires. Capitules 16 x 5-15 mm, base … tomentum blanc, rarement poilus. Nombre de fleurs 70-200 par capitule. cailles de l'involucre ±33, … sommet cilié; les externes 14, 3-10 x 1.5-3.0 mm, … base blanche-tomenteuse, nervure médiane saillante et quelquefois poilue; les intermédiaires 10, 13-16 x 2-3 mm, nervure médiane saillante et rarement poilue sur la partie supérieure; les internes 9, 14-16 x 2 mm. Corolle jaune, les fleurs externes pourpres sur la face extérieure, 12.0-17.5 mm. Ligule 4.0-5.5 mm. Tube de la corolle 8-12 mm. Anthères 2.25 mm. Akènes 4.25-5.75 x ±1 mm, étroitement elliptiques, comprimés, légèrement ridés, marges étroites et assez épaisses, … une c“te médiane principale et ±4 c“tes moins importantes sur chaque face. Aigrette ±12 mm, persistante.
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Perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high; with milky latex. Stems ribbed. Leaves mostly in a basal rosette, upper leaves alternate, sessile; blade of lower leaves narrowly ovate to linear-elliptic, up to ± 120 x 30 mm, apex attenuate-acute, margins remotely lobed to sinuate-dentate or sharply denticulate, sometimes entire, lobes linear; upper leaves linear or narrowly ovate, margins entire, base semi-amplexicaul, sagittate. Heads ligulate, 20 x 10 mm, up to ± 5 in lax, corymbiform cymes; peduncle remotely leafy or with large bracts. Involucral bracts white-woolly at base; in several series, imbricate; outer usually beset with fleshy setae. Flowers: ligules yellow; Nov.-Feb. Fruit with cypsela pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid, tapering slightly and equally at both ends, slightly compressed, 4-ribbed, margins thickened, smooth, ± 5 mm long. Pappus of barbellate bristles intermixed with down-like hairs.
Erect, glabrous, perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high, with milky latex. Leaves in a basal rosette, sessile, lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear-elliptic, remotely lobed to sinuate-dentate or sharply denticulate, sometimes entire, attenuate-acute apically, lobes recurved, narrowly lanceolate; cauline leaves few, lanceolate, entire, apex attenuate, base semi-amplexicaul and sagittate-auriculate. Capitula ligulate, few in lax, corymbiform cymes, sometimes solitary; involucral bracts in several rows, imbricate, bases of outer ones densely white-woolly, often fleshy glandular-setose on midribs. Florets 5-lobed, yellow. Flowering time Aug., Oct.-Apr. Pappus of few, white, barbellate bristles intermixed with down-like hairs. Cypselae pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly compressed, ribbed rugulose, ± 5 mm long.
Phyllaries olive-green, glaucous, imbricate; the outermost c. 3 mm. long, ovate, lanate and often also patent-setose outside, semi-coriaceous; the innermost c. 15 x 2 mm. in flowering capitula, increasing to c. 19 mm. in fruiting capitula, glabrous, or setose on the midribs and apices, membranous, becoming involute.
Perennial herb, up to 400 mm tall. Leaves in a basal rosette. Involucre white-woolly at base and outer bracts usually beset with fleshy setae. Peduncles remotely leafy or with large bracts, bearing up to 5 heads. Achenes slightly compressed, margins thickened; smooth. Flowers yellow, pink or reddish.
Achenes pale-brown, c. 5 mm. long, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly compressed, strongly c. 4-ribbed with 1–2 secondary ribs between, ribs eventually swollen and ± rugulose; pappus white, c. 10 mm. long, composed of few minutely barbellate setae intermixed with down-like hairs.
Lower leaves very narrowly-oblanceolate to linear-elliptic, remotely lobed to sinuate-dentate or sharply denticulate, sometimes entire, attenuate-acute apically, glaucous; lobes up to c. 2.5 x 0.5 cm., recurved, narrowly lanceolate.
Capitula few in lax corymbiform cymes, sometimes solitary; mature capitula often subtended by 1-several subsessile buds; capitula bases and subtending buds densely white woolly.
Cauline leaves few, grading into foliaceous bracts, or absent; lanceolate entire, attenuate above, semi-amplexicaul and sagittate-auriculate below.
Involucres up to c. 19 x 9 mm. in fruiting capitula, cylindric-campanulate, white-lanate below, the receptacle becoming somewhat swollen.
Corollas yellow, c. 15 mm. long, pubescent about the junction between the tube and ligule; ligule c. 4 mm. long, strap-shaped.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 12-90 cm high. It has a slightly woody taproot.
Stems usually scapiform, 1-several-branched from near the base, sometimes simple, striately-ribbed.
Leaves ± numerous, mostly basal, often rosulate, patent-ascending, up to c. 12(19) x 1(2.3) cm.
An erect glaucous perennial herb 12–90 cm. tall, from a semi-woody taproot.
Florets numerous.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.26 - 0.9
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in sandy soils. It is often in grassland in moist locations. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses food medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Potherb (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Sonchus dregeanus unspecified picture

Distribution

Sonchus dregeanus world distribution map, present in Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250112-1
WFO ID wfo-0000044639
COL ID 4Y98D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sonchus ecklonianus Sonchus dregeanus