Sonchus integrifolius Harv.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Sonchus

Characteristics

An erect glabrous perennial herb up to c. 55 cm tall, from a semi-woody taproot. Stems usually simple, terete and finely striately-ribbed, leafy throughout but with leaves more crowded in the lower part. Leaves numerous sessile patent-ascending, usually undivided and entire to sinuate-dentate, sometimes with remote spreading (not recurved) lorate lobes up to c. 3.5 x 0.5 cm; basal leaves c. 10 x 1 cm, narrowly oblanceolate; cauline leaves up to c. 17 x 2 cm, linear-elliptic to narrowly-elliptic becoming lanceolate towards the stem apex, attenuate-acute, margins subentire to denticulate, semi-amplexicaul and sagittate at the base. Capitula few in lax corymbiform cymes, or solitary and terminal on long synflorescence branches, glabrous at least when mature. Involucres up to c. 23 x 12 mm in fruiting capitula, cylindric-campanulate later spreading. Phyllaries imbricate, increasing in length towards the inside, becoming thickened below; outermost c. 4 mm long, ovate to lanceolate, sub-coriaceous; innermost to c. 17 x 3 mm long, increasing to c. 23 mm [as '23 cm'] long in fruiting capitula, narrowly lanceolate, membranous, eventually involute and reflexed. Florets numerous. Corollas yellow, 15-18 mm long, ± pubescent about the junction of tube and ligule; ligule 4-5 mm long, oblong, reddish outside. Achenes pale-brown, 4-5.5 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, strongly 4-ribbed with c. 2 secondary ribs between, the larger ribs eventually thickened, glabrous; pappus white, c. 12 mm long, composed of minutely barbellate setae and down-like hairs.
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Erect, glabrous, perennial herb, up to 0.4 m high, with milky latex. Leaves sometimes crowded towards base, but peduncles remotely leafy upwards, entire to sinuate-dentate, sometimes with remote, spreading lobes, basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate; cauline leaves linear-elliptic to narrowly elliptic becoming lanceolate upwards, base semi-amplexicaul and sagittate. Capitula ligulate, few in lax, corymbiform cymes, or solitary, terminal; involucral bracts imbricate, glabrous at base. Florets 5-lobed, yellow. Flowering time Aug.-Nov. Pappus of few, white, barbellate bristles intermixed with down-like hairs. Cypselae pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly compressed, ribbed, glabrous.
Leaves numerous sessile patent-ascending, usually undivided and entire to sinuate-dentate, sometimes with remote spreading (not recurved) lorate lobes up to c. 3.5 x 0.5 cm.; basal leaves c. 10 x 1 cm., narrowly oblanceolate; cauline leaves up to c. 17 x 2 cm., linear-elliptic to narrowly-elliptic becoming lanceolate towards the stem apex, attenuate-acute, margins subentire to denticulate, semi-amplexicaul and sagittate at the base.
A herb. It is a small plant that keeps growing from year to year. It grows less than 55 cm high. The leaves are at the base and along the stem. They are narrow and taper to a long point. There are hooked teeth along the edge. The leaves are 7 cm long and 5 mm wide. The flower heads occur singly. They are yellow and white. There are 2 varieties.
Phyllaries imbricate, increasing in length towards the inside, becoming thickened below; outermost c. 4 mm. long, ovate to lanceolate, sub-coriaceous; innermost to c. 17 x 3 mm. long, increasing to c. 23 cm. long in fruiting capitula, narrowly lanceolate, membranous, eventually involute and reflexed.
Achenes pale-brown, 4–5.5 mm. long, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, strongly 4-ribbed with c. 2 secondary ribs between, the larger ribs eventually thickened, glabrous; pappus white, c. 12 mm. long, composed of minutely barbellate setae and down-like hairs.
Corollas yellow, 15–18 mm. long, ± pubescent about the junction of tube and ligule; ligule 4–5 mm. long, oblong, reddish outside.
Capitula few in lax corymbiform cymes, or solitary and terminal on long synflorescence branches, glabrous at least when mature.
Stems usually simple, terete and finely striately-ribbed, leafy throughout but with leaves more crowded in the lower part.
Involucres up to c. 23 x 12 mm. in fruiting capitula, cylindric-campanulate later spreading.
An erect glabrous perennial herb up to c. 55 cm. tall, from a semi-woody taproot.
Florets numerous.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.55
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It is often in soil that is seasonally waterlogged. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young leaves are eaten raw or boiled.
Uses food medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Potherb (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Sonchus integrifolius world distribution map, present in Lesotho, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250188-1
WFO ID wfo-0000060259
COL ID 6Z6NJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sonchus delagoensis Sonchus integrifolius f. integrifolius Sonchus integrifolius Sonchus integrifolius var. integrifolius Sonchus integrifolius var. schlechteri Sonchus integrifolius f. lobatus